123) Currency and Coinage of Gibraltar, an Overseas Territory of Great Britain:
The Name:
Gibraltar
derives its name from the Arabic “Jebel Tariq” (meaning “mountain of Tariq”)
which refers the “Rock of Gibraltar” named after the Umayyad general Tariq
ibn-Ziyad who led Arabic forces into Iberia in 711 under the command of the
Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I. An earlier name given to Gibraltar was “Mons Calpe”
and it was recognised as one of the “Pillars of Hercules”.
In
1501, after a history of Arabic possession and later, passing through
several other hands/rulers, Gibraltar came into Spanish possession.
In
1704, Gibraltar was captured from the Spanish, by an Anglo-Dutch fleet,
representing the Grand Alliance, on behalf of Archduke Charles of Austria in
his campaign to become King of Spain.
Later
in 1713, by the Treaty of Utrecht, the Grand Alliance ceded control of
Gibraltar to Britain. Since then, Gibraltar is regarded as a British Overseas
territory.
Spain
tried to recapture Gibraltar at least twice in great force, because of its
strategic importance, once during the Siege of 1727 and again through
the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783), but was unsuccessful on both
occasions.
By
1805, Gibraltar was a key naval base for the British Navy and the famous
Battle of Trafalgar was fought against Spanish and French Allied ships where
Admiral Horatio Nelson’s small fleet comprehensively defeated a numerically
superior Allied Fleet.
In
1969, through a referendum, Gibraltar voted to remain British, leading
to Spain completely closing its border with Gibraltar and severing all
communication links.
In
1981, all Gibraltarians were granted full British citizenship.
In
2002, Gibraltarians, again, overwhelmingly rejected a proposal of shared
sovereignty which was put before them by both Britain and Spain.
Later
efforts to involve Spain in the Administration of Gibraltar have also not
yielded any results.
Historical Development of the Gibraltar
currency:
During
1825 – 1872 the Real” or the Spanish “Real de Plata” was the currency of
Gibraltar along with British and Gibraltarian coins.
From
1872, the Spanish currency became the sole legal tender in Gibraltar.
In
1898, the Spanish-American War led to devaluation of the Spanish Peseta
and the British Pound was introduced as the only currency in Gibraltarboth in
coins and Banknotes, although the Spanish Peseta continued to be accepted as
payment.
Since
1927, Gibraltar has issued its own Banknotes and its own coins since 1988.
Gibraltar Banknotes:
The
monetary unit in Gibraltar is the pound sterling.
In
1914, the first Banknotes were issued in Gibraltar under emergency
wartime legislation – Ordinance 10 of 1914, to assist the Anglo-Egyptian Bank.
As such, along with Anglo-Egyptian Banknotes, British Territory Banknotes were
now in circulation in Gibraltar. This Ordinance did not create a separate
currency, but conferred on the Government of Gibraltar the authority to print currency
Notes. These Banknotes were in the denominations of and 1, 5 and 50 pounds.
In
October 1915, legislation was passed for issue of currency Notes by the
Government of Gibraltar but this legislation was formally enacted in 1927
and Gibraltar continued printing its own Banknotes. The 2 shillings and 50
pound Banknotes were not continued from 1927 onwards.
Later,
the Currency Notes Act of 1934 gave Gibraltar the formal/exclusive right
to print its own Banknotes and the obligation to back and exchange each printed
Note with sterling reserves at par.
In
1971, the 10 shilling Banknote was replaced by the 50 pence coin, upon
decimalisation of the currency in Britain.
In
1975, 10 and 20 Pound Banknotes were introduced.
In
1986, 10 and 50 pounds Banknotes were issued.
In 1988 the 1 Pound Banknote was
discontinued.
In
1995, a new series of Banknotes was introduced which for the first time
bore the words “Pound Sterling” rather than just “Pounds”.
On
08.07.2010, a new Series of Banknotes in the denominations of 10 and 50
Pounds were issued.
On
11.05.2011, the 2010 issues were supplemented by 5, 20 and 100 Pound
sterling Banknotes.
Gibraltar
Banknotes, although denominated in pound sterling, are not legal tender in
Britain, although Gibraltar coins may be sometimes found in circulation in
Britain. On the other hand, British coins and Bank of England Banknotes, freely
circulate in Gibraltar.
Recent Banknote issues after 1986:
1986 issues:
The
Front of the 10 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the castle and key of the
crest/emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote also features the Rock of Gibraltar. On the top is mentioned “Issued by the
Government of Gibraltar”. The date of issue is mentioned as 21.10.1986.
The Back of the 10 Pound Banknote shows the House of Assembly, Gibraltar’s
Parliament, which is the main building of the Piazza area of Main
Street in Gibraltar.
The
Front of the 50 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the castle and key of the
crest/emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote also features the Rock of Gibraltar. On
the top is mentioned “Issued by the Government of Gibraltar”.
The Front of a 50 Pound Banknote from the collection of Jayant Biswas
The
Back of the 50 Pound Banknote shows a
magnificent aerial view of the Rock
of Gibraltar taken from the south from an aircraft, right over the
Strait of Gibraltar.
The Back of the 50 Pound Banknote from the collection of Jayant Biswas
1988 issues:
The
Front of a 1 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the castle and key of the
crest/emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown is the Rock of Gibraltar as seen from the sea (from the west). The
Banknote is denominated as one pound. On the top is mentioned “Issued by the Government
of Gibraltar”.
The Back of the 1 Pound Banknote shows the Governor’s residence called “The
Convent”.
This has been the official residence of the Governor of
Gibraltar since 1728. Prior to that, it was a convent of Franciscan friars who
occupied it in 1531. It is believed that the Convent is haunted by the Grey
Lady – who was a Franciscan Nun who was caught trying to elope with her
sweetheart. The adjacent King’s Chapel formed a part of this convent. It has
been the garrison church since the British took Gibraltar and inside, beneath
the colours of several British Regiments, lie the remains of two British
Governors.
The
Front of the 5 Pound Banknote shows the same design and features as the
one pound Banknote.
1995 issues:
The Front
of a 10 Pound Banknote shows
a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the castle and key of the
crest/emblem of Gibraltar. (Notice that the word “sterling” is not used on this
Banknote, as in the later Banknotes). Also shown is an image of the lighthouse at Europa Point and a
“Koehler Gun”. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar”.
(The Koehler Gun: The Koehler
Depression Carriage was invented in February 1782 by Lieutenant Koehler during
the Great Siege (1779-1783). The height of the Rock coupled with the proximity
of the Spanish lines to Gibraltar meant that a steep angle was required to fire
down on the enemy lines. The method for stopping cannon balls from rolling out
of cannon barrels was to use tight wadding, however, the conventional carriages
could not withstand the power of the recoil from such a steep angle of
discharge. Koehler’s carriage overcame this problem and became crucial in the
defence of Gibraltar throughout the Great Siege).
(The Great Siege (1779-1783): In
July 1779, Gibraltar was besieged by an Allied force of French and Spanish
troops. By August 1779, it was clear that they intended to starve out the
garrison. The defenders held out despite all odds. On 13.09.1782, the Allies
initiated a grand attack involving about 100000 men, 48 ships and 450 cannon.
Under great hardship, the garrison withstood the assault and by February 1783,
the siege was lifted). The Great Siege was the 14th and last attempt
to take Gibraltar by force, by means of a siege. The defence of Gibraltar was under
the command of General Eliott against the combined Allied Force of France and
Spain kept Gibraltar under British Rule.
The Ceremony of the Keys: This is a re-enactment of the locking of the
four gates into Gibraltar. During the Great
Siege, the Governor, General Sir George Eliott would carry the keys with
him everywhere. It was rumoured that he even slept with them under his pillow
at night.
The
image on this stamp shows Vice Admiral Sir Adrian Johns, the Governor of
Gibraltar (2009-2013) handing over the four keys during the Ceremony of the
Keys.
The
Front of the 20 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, as well as the castle and key of the
crest/emblem of Gibraltar. In addition, it has Barbary Partridges, the Gibraltar
Candytuft plant and a cannon. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar”.
The
Back of the 20 Pound Banknote shows an
image of HMS Victory returning to
Gibraltar after the Battle of Trafalgar and a portrait of Admiral
Horatio Nelson. The image on this Banknote shows a dismasted HMS Victory,
Nelson’s Flagship being towed to Gibraltar after the battle, bearing Nelson’s
mortal remains, as it nears the Rock of Gibraltar The inscription on the Back
is “HMS Victory Returning to Gibraltar 1805”.
The Battle of Trafalgar:
Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson had called at the port of Gibraltar several times
prior to the famous “Battle of Trafalgar” (on the Southern tip of Spain) in
1805, which was fought close to Gibraltar, where a famous victory was won by
the British, but Nelson lost his life (The battle was fought between 33 Allied
ships of France and Spain against 27 British ships of which only 12 were
battle-worthy as against 22 ships of the Allies. Over 18 Allied ships were lost
or captured, as against none of the British ships).
2000 issue:
This
Banknote is designated as the millennium issue.
The
Front of the 5 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown
is a dolphin, an ancient vase from the Gibraltar
Museum. The Banknote is denominated as five pound sterling. On the top is
mentioned “Government of Gibraltar”.
The
Back of the 5 Pound Banknote shows 3 dolphins, a Rock Ape and a view of the Rock from the marina
and a cable car that carries visitors to the top of the Rock from where they
can get a panoramic view of the Strait of Gibraltar on one side and the
Mediterranean Sea on the other.
2002 issues:
The
Front of the 10 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown
is a Koehler depression gun
from the Great Siege. The Banknote is denominated as Ten pound sterling. On the
top is mentioned “Government of Gibraltar”. The date of issue is mentioned as
10th September 2002 (which is Gibraltar’s
National Day (Gibraltar having voted on 10th September 1969
to remain British).
The
Back of the 10 Pound Banknote shows an
aerial view of Casemates Square,
Barbary Partridges and Swallowtail butterflies. The
National Day is celebrated in Casemates Square every year.
2004 issues:
In
2004, Gibraltar issued a 20 Pound Banknote celebrating its Tercentenary.
The
Front of the 20 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
also shows a Barbary Partridge,
a cannon with the Rock of Gibraltar in the background. The Banknote is
denominated as Ten pound sterling. On the top is mentioned “Government of Gibraltar
Tercentenary Issue”. The date of issue is mentioned as 4th August
2004.
The above Banknote is from the collection of Jayant Biswas
The
Back of the 20 Pound Banknote depicts a
grand view of the Piazza, as
restored architecturally, situated in the heart of Gibraltar’s main Street, the
Keys of Gibraltar, a Barbary Ape, seagulls and pictures of the many races that inhabited Gibraltar.
2006 issues:
The
Front of the 10 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown is a gun. The
Banknote is denominated as Ten pound sterling. On the top is mentioned
“Government of Gibraltar”. The date of issue is mentioned as 1st December
2006.
The
Back of the 10 Pound Banknote shows a scene from the Great Siege of Gibraltar
(1779 – 1783). The image on this Banknote shows Eliott in a scene
directing the defence of Gibraltar. Also mentioned on the Banknote is “The
Great Siege 1779-83”. A portrait of General Elliot is seen on the right side of
the Banknote.
The
Front of the 20 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown
is a gun. The Banknote is denominated as Twenty pound sterling. On the top is
mentioned “Government of Gibraltar”. The date of issue is mentioned as 1st
December 2006.
The
Back of the 20 Pound Banknote shows the “HMS Victory” arriving at Gibraltar.
The image on this Banknote shows a dismasted HMS Victory, Nelson’s Flagship
being towed to Gibraltar after the battle, bearing Nelson’s mortal remains, as
it nears the Rock of Gibraltar.
Below
the image is the inscription “HMS Victory returning to Gibraltar 1805”. A
portrait of Admiral Nelson is seen on the right side of the Banknote.
The
Front of the 50 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. Also shown
is a horse carriage from the
early twentieth century. The Banknote is denominated as Fifty pound sterling.
On the top is mentioned “Government of Gibraltar”. The date of issue is mentioned
as 1st December 2006.
The Back
of the 50 Pound Banknote
shows a squadron of Spitfires
at the North Front in 1942, during World War II. The Banknote also shows a
portrait of Winston Churchill.
2010 issues:
The
Front of the 50 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
is denominated as Fifty pound sterling. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar” in two places. The colour of this Banknote is predominantly red.
The Back
of the 50 Pound Banknote
shows Casemates Square
(originally a part of the Lower Ward
of the Moorish Castle is now a gastronomic, shopping and leisure hub).
Casemates Square was the heart of La Barcina, part of the 15thcentury Spanish City, at the confluence of the roads leading to the land and
sea gates to Gibraltar. The image on this Banknote shows “Casemates square” in
the nineteenth century.
The
Front of the 10 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
is denominated as Ten pound sterling. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar” in two places. The colour of this Banknote is predominantly blue.
2011 issues:
The
Front of the 5 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
is denominated as five pound sterling. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar” in two places. The colour of this Banknote is predominantly green.
The
Back of the 5 Pound Banknote shows the Moorish Castle. The oldest parts
of the Moorish Castle date back to the 11th century. The castle
consisted of three wards rising from the area of where Casemates Square is
located, all the way to the Tower of Homage in the castle, which was rebuilt in
the 14th century. The Upper Ward and the Tower of Homage are
depicted on the Banknote.
The
Front of the 20 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
is denominated as twenty pound sterling. On the top is mentioned “Government of
Gibraltar” in two places. The colour of this Banknote is predominantly
orange-yellow.
The
Front of the 100 Pound Banknote shows a
portrait of Queen Elizabeth II as well as the emblem of Gibraltar. The Banknote
is denominated as one hundred pound sterling. On the top is mentioned
“Government of Gibraltar” in two places. The colour of this Banknote is
predominantly mauve.
The
Back of the 100 pound Banknote shows the “King’s Bastion”, which stands
at the centre of the medieval seawall that protected the old city. This Bastion
was fortified by General Boyd in 1773 just in time for the Bastion to play a
key role in the defence of Gibraltar during the Great Siege. Gibraltar’s first
electricity generating plant was located in the courtyard of the Bastion. Later
the Bastion was demolished and the “King’s Bastion Leisure Centre” stands in
its place.
Gibraltar coinage:
Three Series of coins
have been issued by Gibraltar:
The 1988 Series:
coins in the denomination of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 pence and 1 Pound were
circulated, with a 2 pound coin being circulated in 1999.
The
depiction on the coins in this Series are 1 Penny (Barbary Partridge), 2
Pence (Europa Point Lighthouse), 5 Pence (Barbary Macaque and Gibraltar
Candytuft), 10 Pence (Europort), 20 Pence (Our Lady of Europe), 50 pence
(Bottlenose Dolphins), 1 Pound (Fortress & key) and 2 Pounds (Pillars of
Hercules).
The 2004 Tercentenary Edition:
This
Series was issued in 2004 to commemorate the Tercentenary of British Gibraltar.
The
depiction on the coins in this Series are one penny (Barbary Macaque), 2 Pence
(Keys of Gibraltar), 5 pence (Constitutional Order 1969), 10 pence (Operation
Torch, World War II – 1942), 20 pence (Discovery of Neanderthal skull in
Gibraltar – 1848), 50 pence (Battle of Trafalgar-1805), 1 Pound (Great Siege of
Gibraltar 1779-1783). 2 Pound (Capture of Gibraltar – 1704).
The third and current Series:
The
depiction on the coins in this Series are one penny (Constitution Order 1969),
2 pence (Operation Torch-1942), 5 Pence (Barbary Ape), 10 pence (The Great
Siege 1779-1783), 20 Pence (Keys of Gibraltar), 50 Pence (Our Lady of Europe),
1 Pound (Discovery of Neanderthal skull in Gibraltar – 1848), 2 Pounds (Battle
of Trafalgar-1805).
Gibraltar Coat of Arms:
Flag of Gibraltar:
Shows
the Castle of Gibraltar and the key to the City.
Stamp issues:
Gibraltar Post,
also, brings out several stamps promoting the protection of endangered animals
and birds. The following miniature sheet issued in 2013 is testimony to
this fact:
Endangered Animals Series III:
“Compassion for animals is intimately connected with
goodness of character and it may be confidently asserted that he who is cruel
to animals cannot be a good man”.
The endangered species featuring in this
miniature sheet:
The African Penguin: (Spheniscus demersus):
This
species of Penguin is also known as the Black-footed Penguin and it is found in
South African waters. It is also known as the “Jackass” Penguin for its
donkey-like braying call, which is also the call in several species of South
American penguins.
The
African Penguin is found on the south-western coast of Africa, living in
colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth,
South Africa. It is the only penguin species that breeds in Africa and its
presence has been instrumental in giving the Penguin Islands their name. There
is an urgent requirement to save the African penguins and their habitat.
The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus
Thynnus):
This
is a species of tuna in the Scombridae family. Atlantic bluefin tuna have
become extinct in the Black Sea due to extensive fishing. The Atlantic bluefin
tuna is a close relative of the other two bluefin tuna species – the Pacific
bluefin tuna and the Southern bluefin tuna. The bluefin tuna can weigh over 450
kgs or over 990 lb in weight, and rival the black marlin, blue marlin and
swordfish as the largest Perciformes. They are great predators with huge size,
speed and power. The Atlantic bluefin tuna is considered a great delicacy as a food
fish and is in danger of becoming extinct due to over-fishing.
The Asiatic Cheetah: (Acinonyx jubatus
venaticus):
The
Asiatic cheetah is now mainly confined to Iran and in some parts of Balochistan
in Pakistan. The animal has been virtually driven to extinction in other parts
of Southwest Asia from Arabia to India, including Afghanistan. In very few
numbers today, the Asiatic cheetah now lives mainly in Iran’s vast central
desert in fragmented pieces of the remaining suitable habitat. As of 2013, only
about 20 cheetahs have been identified in Iran in the areas surveyed. It is
estimated that the total population alive today will be between 50 to say about
a 100. Along with the Eurasian lynx and the Persian leopard, it is one of three
remaining species of large cats in Iran today. The Asiatic cheetah separated
from its African relative some 32000 to 67000 years ago.
The cheetahs are swifter than any antelopes
and are considered to be the fastest land animals clocking upto 70 miles or 112
kilometres per hour but can hold this pace only for about 400 to 500 yards or
365 to 455 metres. Within this distance the cheetah must catch its prey or lose
it. However, most often than not, it catches it. A tame cheetah can be as affectionate
as any household pet. Anyone for keeping one as a pet and helping the cheetah
numbers to grow?
The Chinese Alligator: (Alligator sinensis):
This
is one of the two known living species of Alligator, a genus in the family
Alligatoridae, found only in Eastern China. While it originally ranged through
much of China, this species’ wild habitat has been vastly reduced to a few
ponds containing about 100 to 200 alligators along Lake Tai and the lower
Yangtze River in the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. This is mainly
because of cultivation of land by the farmers. A majority of their usual
wetland habitats have been turned into rice paddies. Poisoning of rats, which
the alligators eat has also vastly reduced their numbers.
The Red-crowned Crane: (Grus japonensis):
This
is a large East Asian crane, among the rarest in the World. In some parts of
its range, it is known as a symbol of luck, longetivity and fidelity. The
estimated total population of this species is a little less than 3000 in the
wild, including about 1000 birds in the resident Japanese population. Of the
migratory populations, about 1000 winter in China, mainly at the Yellow River
Delta and Yancheng Coastal Wetlands while the remaining migrate to Korea.
The Leatherback Sea Turtle: (Dermochelys
coriacea):
This
is the largest of all living turtles and is the fourth largest modern reptile
behind three crocodilians, it can easily be differentiated from other modern
sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell. Instead, its carapace is covered by
skin and oily flesh. Populations in the Pacific Ocean are in far greater danger
of extinction than the Atlantic due to commercial fishing, illegal poaching,
pollution and nesting beach destruction in the Pacific.
Links:
British Crown Dependencies:
1) Specimen Banknotes from the States of Jersey
2) Coinage and Currency from the States of Jersey
3) Currency & Coinage of the Bailiwick of Guernsey
4) Currency & Coinage of Gibraltar : An Overseas Territory of Great Britain
5) Coinage of Gibraltar: (A British Overseas Territory): An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by the Tower Mint, UK in 2010
6) The Isle of Man: An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by Pobjoy Mint, UK in 2015
7) The Centenary of the ill-fated Titanic (15.04.1912 - 15.04.2012): An Alderney Five Pound Coin Commemorating the Maritime Legend
8) "Man of Steel": A Superman Movie: A set of stamps brought out in 2013 by Jersey post, the States of Jersey, commemorating Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill who played Superman in the Movie
9) Coins & Currency of Bermuda
10) The Bailiwick of Jersey - Presently circulating coinage - Pounds and Pence
11) St. Helena & Ascension Islands: An Uncirculated Coin Set from 2003
12) The Legend of the "HMAV Bounty" is interwoven with the heritage of the Pitcairn Islands: An uncirculated coin set from Pitcairn Islands in 2009 depicting the icons/relics of the Bounty minted by the New Zealand Mint
Famous Battles:
1) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to St. Helena: (Part I): A One Crown Commemorative coin issued by the Ascension Island (minted by Pobjoy Mint UK)
2) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to st. Helena: (Part II) 1) A 5 GBP Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK. 2) A"Drie Landen Zilverset" ( ot the "Three Lands Silver set") containing coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint including coins of Netherlands, Belgium and UK
3) Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Battle of Britain by issuing a 50 Pence coin by the Royal Mint UK
Gold Coins:
1) Gold Sovereigns issued in 2013 & 2014 by MMTC-PAMP in India under licence from the Royal Mint, UK, carrying the "I" Mint Mark
2) Gold Half-Sovereigns minted by MMTC-PAMP in India in 2014 under licence from the Royal Mint UK bearing the "I" Mint Mark
Silver Coins:
1) A 20 Pound Silver coin minted for the first timr by the royal Mint UK: reverse design carries the famous St. George slaying the dragon design found on Gold Sovereigns
British India Coinage:
1) East India Company Quarter Anna Copper Coin which is one of the first issues under the Coinage Act 1835
2) Victoria Coinage: When she was Queen and afterwards Empress
3) Edward VII: King & Emperor Coinage
4) George V King Emperor Coinage
5) George VI: The last of the British India Emperors Coinage
Other British Royalty:
1) Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Celebrations (1952-2012): A Five Pound Commemorative coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK
2) Commemorating Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation in 1953: A Five Pound Coin minted by the Royal Mint UK in 2013, depicting the Imperial State Crown
3) The Royal Coat of Arms of the UK: Great British 2012 Coin Set (Uncirculated) issued by the Royal Mint UK
4) Prince George's Christening Ceremony celebrated with coins issued by the Royal Mint UK in 2013
5) The British Empire: A Case of Numismatic "segregation": (Guest Post by Rahul Kumar)
6) 1) The Portrait Collection: Various Portraits of Queen Elizabeth II on Coinage 2) The Fourth & Final Circulating coinage of the Portrait designed by Ian Rank-Broadley and the First Edition of the portrait of the Queen made by Jody Clark
British Coinage:
1) The contribution of the Great British One-Pound coins in keeping alive the historical legends/emblems/heritage of the UK (1983 onwards)
2) Transformation of a Five shilling Coin (Crown) into the UK Twenty-five Pence & then the Five Pound Coin
3) Transformation of the Two Shilling Coin (Florin) Coin into the UK Ten Pence
4) The 350th Anniversary of the Guinea: A Two Pound Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK celebrating the milestone
Commemorative British Coinage:
1) Commemorating the Bicentenary of Charles Dickens: A Two pound coin celebrating his literary contributions during the Victorian Era
2) Commemorating 50 Years of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - presently called the World Wide Fund for Nature by issue of a Fifty Pence coin by the Royal Mint, UK
3) Coins commemorating London Olympics & Paralympics (2012)
4) Commemorating 150 Years of the London Underground : Two pound Coins minted by the Royal Mint UK, showing the "Roundel" logo and a train emerging from a tunnel
5) Commemorating the 100th Birth anniversary of Christopher Ironside with his" Royal Arms" design on a 50 Pence coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK
6) 800th Anniversary of the Magna Carta - the Universal Guidepost to Liberty and Freedom
Inspirations from Scottish History:
1) The Legend of King Bruce & the Spider on Banknotes
Banknotes from Scotland:
1) Commemorating Sir William Arrol and his creation the Forth Rail Bridge by issues of Britain's first ever 5 Pound Polymer Banknote
Links:
British Crown Dependencies:
1) Specimen Banknotes from the States of Jersey
2) Coinage and Currency from the States of Jersey
3) Currency & Coinage of the Bailiwick of Guernsey
4) Currency & Coinage of Gibraltar : An Overseas Territory of Great Britain
5) Coinage of Gibraltar: (A British Overseas Territory): An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by the Tower Mint, UK in 2010
6) The Isle of Man: An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by Pobjoy Mint, UK in 2015
7) The Centenary of the ill-fated Titanic (15.04.1912 - 15.04.2012): An Alderney Five Pound Coin Commemorating the Maritime Legend
8) "Man of Steel": A Superman Movie: A set of stamps brought out in 2013 by Jersey post, the States of Jersey, commemorating Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill who played Superman in the Movie
9) Coins & Currency of Bermuda
10) The Bailiwick of Jersey - Presently circulating coinage - Pounds and Pence
11) St. Helena & Ascension Islands: An Uncirculated Coin Set from 2003
12) The Legend of the "HMAV Bounty" is interwoven with the heritage of the Pitcairn Islands: An uncirculated coin set from Pitcairn Islands in 2009 depicting the icons/relics of the Bounty minted by the New Zealand Mint
Famous Battles:
1) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to St. Helena: (Part I): A One Crown Commemorative coin issued by the Ascension Island (minted by Pobjoy Mint UK)
2) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to st. Helena: (Part II) 1) A 5 GBP Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK. 2) A"Drie Landen Zilverset" ( ot the "Three Lands Silver set") containing coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint including coins of Netherlands, Belgium and UK
3) Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Battle of Britain by issuing a 50 Pence coin by the Royal Mint UK
Gold Coins:
1) Gold Sovereigns issued in 2013 & 2014 by MMTC-PAMP in India under licence from the Royal Mint, UK, carrying the "I" Mint Mark
2) Gold Half-Sovereigns minted by MMTC-PAMP in India in 2014 under licence from the Royal Mint UK bearing the "I" Mint Mark
Silver Coins:
1) A 20 Pound Silver coin minted for the first timr by the royal Mint UK: reverse design carries the famous St. George slaying the dragon design found on Gold Sovereigns
British India Coinage:
1) East India Company Quarter Anna Copper Coin which is one of the first issues under the Coinage Act 1835
2) Victoria Coinage: When she was Queen and afterwards Empress
3) Edward VII: King & Emperor Coinage
4) George V King Emperor Coinage
5) George VI: The last of the British India Emperors Coinage
Other British Royalty:
1) Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Celebrations (1952-2012): A Five Pound Commemorative coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK
2) Commemorating Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation in 1953: A Five Pound Coin minted by the Royal Mint UK in 2013, depicting the Imperial State Crown
3) The Royal Coat of Arms of the UK: Great British 2012 Coin Set (Uncirculated) issued by the Royal Mint UK
4) Prince George's Christening Ceremony celebrated with coins issued by the Royal Mint UK in 2013
5) The British Empire: A Case of Numismatic "segregation": (Guest Post by Rahul Kumar)
6) 1) The Portrait Collection: Various Portraits of Queen Elizabeth II on Coinage 2) The Fourth & Final Circulating coinage of the Portrait designed by Ian Rank-Broadley and the First Edition of the portrait of the Queen made by Jody Clark
British Coinage:
1) The contribution of the Great British One-Pound coins in keeping alive the historical legends/emblems/heritage of the UK (1983 onwards)
2) Transformation of a Five shilling Coin (Crown) into the UK Twenty-five Pence & then the Five Pound Coin
3) Transformation of the Two Shilling Coin (Florin) Coin into the UK Ten Pence
4) The 350th Anniversary of the Guinea: A Two Pound Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK celebrating the milestone
Commemorative British Coinage:
1) Commemorating the Bicentenary of Charles Dickens: A Two pound coin celebrating his literary contributions during the Victorian Era
2) Commemorating 50 Years of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - presently called the World Wide Fund for Nature by issue of a Fifty Pence coin by the Royal Mint, UK
3) Coins commemorating London Olympics & Paralympics (2012)
4) Commemorating 150 Years of the London Underground : Two pound Coins minted by the Royal Mint UK, showing the "Roundel" logo and a train emerging from a tunnel
5) Commemorating the 100th Birth anniversary of Christopher Ironside with his" Royal Arms" design on a 50 Pence coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK
6) 800th Anniversary of the Magna Carta - the Universal Guidepost to Liberty and Freedom
Inspirations from Scottish History:
1) The Legend of King Bruce & the Spider on Banknotes
Banknotes from Scotland:
1) Commemorating Sir William Arrol and his creation the Forth Rail Bridge by issues of Britain's first ever 5 Pound Polymer Banknote
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