204)
Banknotes & Coins of Denmark: Krone (or Kroner) and Ore: (Part (II):
The Evolution of Banknotes of Denmark:
(This is Part II of the
Post titled “Banknotes and Coins of Denmark”. For information on the evolution
and historical development of Coinage in Denmark click: here)
Banknotes
of Denmark:
The Danmarks Nationalbank issues Banknotes of the Danish Krone.
Banknotes
of the 1972 Series:
The Banknotes of the 1972 Series have been issued by the Danmarks Nationalbank which has
been issuing Banknotes for Denmark since 01.08.1818.
Although
the Banknotes of the 1972 Series are still legal tender, they are no longer
printed.
The
theme of these Banknotes is the paintings
of various famous/prominent people of Society by Jens Juel (1745-1802)
on the Front and paintings by well-known Danish painters
on common animals in Denmark on the Back.
On the Front of the 10 Kroner Banknote is depicted a
painting of Catherine Sophie
Kirchhoff, nee Christensen, who was married to the Councillor of State
J.H. Kirchhoff.
On the Back of the 10 Kroner Banknote is depicted a Female Common Eider, a painting by Johannes Larsen (1867-1961).
This
Banknote was first issued on 08.04.1975 and went out of print on 11.03.1980.
On the Front of the 20 Kroner Banknote is depicted a
painting of Pauline Tetein, nee Tath.
On the Back of the 20 Kroner Banknote is depicted a painting of two sparrows by Gunnar Larsen (1919-1981).
Interestingly, on all the Banknotes, the
sparrows show three legs as depicted in the painting and the Banknote became a
part of an April Fool’s Day prank, where all such Banknotes were pronounced as
counterfeits by the pranksters.
This
Banknote was first issued on 11.03.1980 and went out of print on 10.04.1990,
when the 20 Kroner Banknote was replaced by a coin.
On the Front of the 50 Kroner Banknote is depicted a
painting of Engeike Charlotte Ryberg
nee Falbe.
On the Back of the 50 Kroner Banknote is depicted a painting of a Crucian Carp by Ib Andersen (1907-69).
This
Banknote was first issued on 21.01.1975 and went out of print on 07.05.1999.
On the Front of the 100 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a self-portrait of Jens Juel.
On the Back of the 100 Kroner Banknote is depicted a painting of a Red Underwing by Ib Andersen (1907-69).
This
Banknote was first issued on 22.10.1974, an updated version was
circulated in 1995 with additional security features and this Banknote
went out of print on 22.11.1999.
On the Front of the 500 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a painting of Franzisca Genoveva von
Qualen, nee d’Abbestee.
On the Back of the 500 Kroner Banknote is depicted a painting of a Sand Lizard by Ib Andersen (1907-69).
This
Banknote was first issued on 18.04.1972 and went out of print on 12.09.1997.
On the Front of the 1000 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a painting of Thomasine Heiberg, nee
Buntzen, mother-in-law to actress Johanne Luise Heiberg who featured on
the 200 Kroner Banknote of the 1997 Series.
On the Back of the 1000 Kroner Banknote is depicted a painting of a Red Squirrel by Ib Andersen (1907-69).
This
Banknote was first issued on 11.03.1975 and went out of print on 18.09.1998.
Banknotes
of the 1997 Series:
The
1997 Series of Banknotes
improved the Security Features of the Banknotes so as to prevent
counterfeiting. When the Banknotes are tilted, various motifs appear in the
hologram. Also, fluorescent colours, which are visible under Ultra-violet light
are used on both sides of the Banknotes.
During
2002-2005, some additional Security Features were added.
On the Front of the 50 Kroner Banknote is depicted a
portrait of the Danish writer Karen
Bixen.
Karen
Bixen: (17.04.1885 – 07.09.1962): She is an acclaimed writer
having written “Seven Gothic Tales (1935) and her memoirs “Out of Africa
(1937). Also depicted on this face are flowers, which Karen Bixen was very fond
of.
I
have seen a movie titled “Out of Africa”, based on her memoirs, which
beautifully portrayed her experiences while she was in Africa and left a
lasting impression of life in Africa on the viewers.
On the Back of the 50 Kroner Banknote is depicted a Centaur inspired by an image of a Centaur in Stone Relief in
Landet Church on the island of Tasinge.
This Banknote had the word
“Femti”
(and not “Halvtreds” which
is the traditional Danish word for fifty).
The Size of this Banknote was 125 mm x 72 mm and its predominant colour is purple.
The Security features include – when the Banknote is tilted, the
hologram alternately shows the figure 50, the Roman numeral “L” and a flower.
The Fluorescent effects show the Centaur on the Front and a green print on the
Back.
This
Banknote was first issued on 07.05.1997, updated on 25.08.2005
(new version) and went out of print on 11.08.2009.
On the Front of the 100 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a portrait of the Danish composer
Carl Nielson.
Carl
Neilson (09.06.1865 – 03.10.1931): He was an Orchestra
Leader, Conductor and Music Teacher and a versatile composer. He is known for
writing Operas such as “Maskarade” (1905-06) among many popular
symphonic works.
On the Back of the 100 Kroner Banknote is depicted a Basilisk from Tommerby Church.
The
Basilisk: is part snake, part dragon and part
rooster. Basilisk means “Little King” and the figure is recognisable by its
crown.
The 100 Kroner Banknote is also referred to as a “hund”
(Danish for “hound”) from a
shortening of the word “hundrede” (or a “hundred”).
The Security features include – the hologram alternately shows
two musical notes, the Roman numeral “C” and the number “100”. When the
Banknote is tilted, the “C” grows larger and a rainbow appears. When using a
magnifying glass, one can see a micro-printed “100” in the outer line around
the letter “C”. The Fluorescent effects show the Basilisk on the Front and an
orange print on the Back.
The Size of this Banknote was 135 mm x 72 mm and its predominant colour is Orange.
This
Banknote was first issued on 22.11.1999, updated on 27.11.2002 (new
version) and went out of print as of 04.05.2010.
On the Front of the 200 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a portrait of the Danish actress
Johanne Luise Heiberg.
Johanne
Luise Heiberg (22.11.1812 – 21.12.1890): She was one of the
greatest Danish actresses of the 19th Century and took the Royal
Theatre in Copenhagen by storm on several occasions. Her Autobiography “Et
liv genoplevet i erindringen” (meaning “A Life Relived in Memory”) is a popular literary work from
the Danish Golden Age.
On the Back of the 200 Kroner Banknote is depicted a Lion from the Apse of Viborg Cathedral.
The Size of this Banknote was 145 mm x 72 mm and its predominant colour is Green.
The Security features include – the hologram alternately shows a
Lion, the Roman numeral “CC” and the number “200”. When the Banknote is tilted,
the “CC” grows larger. The Fluorescent effects show the Lion on the Front and a
green print on the Back.
This
Banknote was first issued on 10.03.1997, updated on 09.04.2003 (new
version) and went out of print as of 19.10.2010.
On the Front of the 500 Kroner Banknote is depicted
a portrait of the Danish Nuclear
Physicist Neils Bohr.
Neils
Bohr (07.10.1885 – 18.11.1962): He was a major
contributor to modern science and very influential in the development of Modern Nuclear Physics. He was the first to propose that electrons in an atom move within
discrete “orbits”. He suggested that these orbits have fixed energy levels and
that atoms emit or absorb energy in fixed amounts “quanta” as electrons move
between orbits. Bohr’s orbits are today called “orbitals”, they are
sub-structures of electron shells.
He won several Awards,
including the Nobel Prize for Physics
in 1922.
On the Back of the 500 Kroner Banknote is depicted a knight in armour battling a Dragon, which is inspired from a
Stone Relief from Lihme Church in
Northern Jutland.
The 500 Kroner Banknote is also referred to as a “Plovmand”
(meaning a “Ploughman”),
because previous issues of this denomination featured an image of a man with a
plough.
The Security features include – the hologram alternately shows
an Atom, the Roman numeral “D” and the number “500”. The Fluorescent effects
show the Knight on the Front and an orange print on the Back.
The Size of this Banknote was 155 mm x 72 mm and its predominant colour is Blue.
This
Banknote was first issued on 12.09.1997, updated on 24.09.2003 and
went out of print as of 15.02.2011.
On the Front of the 1000 Kroner Banknote are
depicted portraits of Danish artists
Anna and Michael Ancher.
Anna
(18.08.1859 – 15.04.1935) Michael Ancher (09.06.1849 – 19.09.1927): The
couple are famous for their paintings depicting everyday life in the fishing
town of Skagen. The portraits were
inspired by Danish artist Peder Severin Kroyer’s paintings made in 1884.
The anchor background pattern on this face of the Banknote refers to a necklace
worn by Anna.
On the Back of the 1000 Kroner Banknote is depicted a tournament scene from a sepulchral monument in Bislev Church in
Northern Jutland.
The 1000 Kroner Banknote is also referred to as a “Tudse”
(meaning a “toad”) from a
word play on the word “Tusinde” (meaning a “thousand”). It is also referred to as
an “egern”
(squirrel), from the design of a red squirrel, which was
carried in the earlier 1972 Series of Banknotes on the 1000 Kroner Banknote.
The Security features include – the hologram alternately shows a
Palette, the Roman numeral “M” and the number “1000”. The Fluorescent effects
show the Knight on the Front and an orange print on the Back.
The Size of this Banknote was 165 mm x 72 mm and its predominant colour is Red.
This
Banknote was first issued on 18.09.1998, updated on 25.11.2004.
The 1997 Banknote Series was replaced as of 24.05.2011.
Banknotes
of 2009 Series:
The
theme of these Banknotes is “Bridges
of Denmark” on the Front
and ancient Danish artefacts
found in the vicinity of the Bridges.
The theme was symbolic of the Bridges being
the links between various locations in Denmark to its distinct past. The
present was represented by the Bridges, while the past was represented by five
distinctive pre-historic objects found near the Bridges.
The
designer of these Banknotes
was the artist Karin Birgitte Lund.
The
sizes of these Banknotes are similar to the 1997 Banknotes.
The Front of the 50 Kroner
Banknote showing a representation of the Sallingsund Bridge. The denomination
of the Banknote is mentioned as “HALVTREDS KRONER”.
On the Front of the 50 Krone Banknote is depicted
the Sallingsund
Bridge of 1978.
The
Sallingsund Bridge (or “Sallingsundbroen”): This is is a Bridge that crosses Sallingsund
between the island of Mors and the Salling peninsula on the mainland (Jylland
or Jutland) in Denmark. The Bridge is 1717 metres long with its longest span
being 93 metres and the maximum clearance to the Sea being 26 metres. The
construction of the bridge commenced in 1973 and it was completed in 1978.
Before the Bridge was
built, passengers were taken across the Sound by two Ferries – “Pinen” (“Pain”) and “Plagen” (Bother”).
The Back of the 50 Kroner
Banknote showing a representation of the Skarpsalling Vessel. The location map
of the bridge as well as Skarpsalling, where the vessel was found is also given
on this face of the Banknote.
On the Back of the 50 Krone Banknote is depicted the Skarpsalling Vessel,
which dates back to around 3200 BC. The word “halvtreds” (halvtredsindstyve = half-third times 20
= half of the third times 20 = 2 ½ x20 = fifty) has been used on this Banknote,
instead of “femti” (meaning “five tens” which was mentioned on the
previous Series on the 50 Kroner Banknotes).
The above is an image of
the Skarpsalling vessel.
The
Skarpsalling Vessel: This is one of the most beautiful
richly decorated objects from the Danish pre-historic period. In the Stone Age,
in particular, beautiful pottery was very popular on the basis of form and
decoration.
The Skarpsalling
vessel/pot is one of the best known examples of Stone Age pottery. It was found
at a barrow near Skarpsalling in Himmerland and was crafted around 3200 BC.
The vessel is decorated in
the “Troldebjerg”
style. It is presently exhibited in the National Museum at Copenhagen.
This Banknote was first issued
on 11.08.2009. The size
of this Banknote is 125 mm x 72 mm and its colour
is Purple.
The Front of the 100
Kroner Banknote showing a representation of the Old Little Belt Bridge The
denomination of the Banknote is mentioned as “ET HUNDREDE KRONER”.
On the Front of the 100 Krone Banknote is depicted
the Old Little Belt Bridge of
1935.
220
px The little Belt bridge
The above is an image of the
Little Belt Bridge as it is seen today.
The
Little Belt Bridge (or “Gamle
Lillebaeltsbro”): Also known as the “Old Little Belt Bridge” is a truss bridge over the Little
Belt strait in Denmark. It was the first bridge to have been constructed over
the Strait, spanning from Snoghoj on Jutland to Kongebrogaarden on Funen.
The construction of the
Bridge was started by 1929 and it was completed in 1935. Spanning
a length of 1178 metres, the bridge is 20.5 metres wide and 33 metres high,
with a main span of 220 metres. The bridge has two Railway tracks, two narrow
lanes for cars and a sidewalk for pedestrians.
The
bridge was the first step in linking the three parts of Denmark by road, with
the second step being completed with the Great
Belt Bridge in June 1998, as previously only ferries and boats
were used as transport over the belts.
With the new Little Belt
Bridge coming into use in 1970, the old bridge’s importance in ferrying
traffic has hugely diminished.
The Back of the 100 Kroner
Banknote showing a representation of the Hindsgavl Dagger. The location map of
the Bridge as well as Hindsgavl, where the vessel was found is also given on this
face of the Banknote.
On the Back of the 100 Krone Banknote is depicted the Hindsgavl Dagger
dating back from around 1900 to 1700 BC.
The above is an image of
the Hindsgavl Dagger.
The
Hindsgavl Dagger: This magnificent dagger from Hindsgavl
has a blade less than 1 cm thick and is the finest example of the flint
worker’s outstanding skills towards the end of the Stone Age.
This dagger was found around
1876 on the island of Faeno in the Little Belt. The dagger type is
called a “fishtail dagger”
because of the fishtail-formed hilt. Pressure-flaked daggers were typical of
the end of the Stone Age and are one of the reasons why the period from 2400-1800
BC is called the “Dagger Period”.
This Banknote was first issued
on 04.05.2010. The size
of this Banknote is 135 mm x 72 mm and its colour
is Orange.
The Front of the 200
Krone Banknote is depicted “Knippelsbro” (Knippel’s Bridge) of 1937.
The above is an image of
Knippel’s Bridge as it is seen today.
Knippel’s Bridge or
“Knippelsbro”: This is a bascule Bridge across the
Inner Harbour of Copenhagen, Denmark. It connects Borsgade (meaning “Stock
Exchange Street”) on Zealand side Slotsholmen to Torvegade (meaning “Market
Street”) on Christianshavn.
The Bridge was originally
known as “Store Amager Bro” (meaning “Great Amager Bridge”) or “Langebro” (meaning
“Long Bridge”). Later. it was
renamed “Christianshavnsbro” (meaning “Christianshavn’s Bridge”) in 1700.
Interestingly, the present
name of the Bridge comes from the name Hans
Knip, who was the caretaker of the Bridge in 1641 who operated the
Bridge and collected toll from passing ships. His house was called as “Knippenshus”
(or “Knippen’s house”) and
the Bridge became famous as “Knippensbro” in the 17th
Century. The present name is a distortion of the 17th Century
version.
It measures 115 metres in
length and is in use since 1937. It is the fifth bridge at this site, the first having been constructed by
Christian IV in 1618-20 as a wooden bridge. The first iron bridge was
constructed in 1668-69 which was renovated in 1908 and replaced
by an intermistic bridge in 1934.
On the Back of the 200 Krone Banknote is depicted the Langstrup Belt
Plate from the early Bronze
Age (dating about 1400 BC).
The above is an image of
the Langstrup Belt Plate.
The
Langstrup Belt Plate: It is about 28 cm in diameter, and
is the largest of all antique belt-plates from Denmark. It is also one of the
most artistic pieces of work.
Four concentric bands of
continuous spirals, accurately completed, are bounded by zones with lines and
short transverse bands.
The belt plate was cast through
an advanced technique where a wax model of the belt plate is initially made.
This wax model is carefully punched with coils. The stamp consisted of a wire
of copper or gold which was put on a little wooden block. After the wax model
was complete, it was brushed over with a thin clay mixture which was allowed to
dry. Then the Bronze caster surrounded the entire model with lean clay, which
was burnt. A mould of clay with an inner cavity was now created, with the wax melting
away during heating. The bronze was now poured into the cavity. After the
Bronze had solidified, the clay mould was crushed. The surface was then
polished after attending to the finer details of the piece.
The best belt plates which were made through
this process were extremely thin. This belt plate was cast around 1400 BC when the Bronze Age spiral style was
at its peak.
Several similar spiral patterns can be seen on
many different objects from this period, including swords, spearheads, axes as
well as the Sun Disk on the Sun Chariot.
This Banknote was first issued
on 19.10.2010. The size
of this Banknote is 145 mm x 72 mm and its colour
is Green.
The Front of the 500
Krone Banknote is depicted Queen
Alexandrine Bridge of 1943.
The above is an image of Alexandrine
Bridge as it is seen today.
The
Queen Alexandrine Bridge (or “Dronning
Alexandrines Bro”): is a Road Arch Bridge that crosses
Ulv Sund between the islands of Zealand and Mon in Denmark. The construction of
the Bridge commenced in 1939 and was completed in 1943. It was
the main road connection between the islands until the Faro Bridges were opened
in 1985.
The Bridge is 745 metres
long and 10.7 metres wide. The central arch span is 127 metres and the maximum
clearance to the Sea is 26 metres. The Bridge is of steel arch construction,
having ten piers in the Sea from which the arches spring upwards.
On the Back of the 500 Krone Banknote is depicted the Keldby Vessel
(bronze) from the 4th or early 3rd Century BC.
The above is an image of
the Keldby Bucket/Vessel.
The
Keldby Vessel: This Bronze Bucket from Keldby was found
in 1826 at a hill named “Trehoje” near Keldby on the
island of “Mon”. The Bucket was made around 300 BC.
Various conjectures have been made as to the
origins of the bucket. One theory is that it was made in Corinth, near Athens,
while another places it as having been made at a workshop in the Greek Colony
of Taranto in Southern Italy or in a Greek Colony on the Black Sea.
Possible uses of the
Bucket could be – a burial urn, or an urn for burnt bones or a wine vessel, as
beautiful Greek bronze vessels were used as containers for wine.
This Banknote was first issued
on 15.02.2011. The size
of this Banknote is 155 mm x 72 mm and its colour
is Blue.
The Front of the 1000
Krone Banknote is depicted the
Great Belt Bridge of 1998.
The above is an image of
the Great Belt bridge as it is seen today.
The
Great Belt Bridge or “Storebaeltsforbindelsen”:
This Bridge constructed in 1998, runs between the Danish islands of
Zealand and Funen. It consists of three
structures – a Road
Suspension Bridge, a Railway
Tunnel between Zealand and the island of Sprogo located in the middle
of the Great Belt and a Box Girder Bridge
for both road and rail traffic between Sprogo and Funen.
The Bridge is variously
referred to as the “Suspension Bridge” (East Bridge or “Ostbroen”) or the “Box-girder Bridge” (West Bridge or “Vestbroen”).
The Bridge has the World’s
third longest main span, at about 1.6 km and has reduced travel-time
significantly.
The
construction of this Bridge and the Oresund Bridge have together enabled
driving from mainland Europe to Sweden and the rest of Scandinavia through
Denmark with ease.
On the Back of the 1000 Krone Banknote is depicted the Trundholm Sun Chariot
from the early Bronze Age
dating to about 1400 BC.
The above is an image of
the Trundholm Sun Chariot, which is brightly lit/polished representing the Sun’s
rays falling on the planet Earth as it traverses through the Sky during the day
on his horse-driven chariot.
The above is an image of
the Trundholm Sun Chariot, which is dull/unpolished, representing darkness of
the night as the Sun’s chariot has traversed beyond this face of the Earth and
night/darkness has fallen.
The Trundholm Sun Chariot:
The Trundholm Sun Chariot (in Danish “Solvognen”) is a late Nordic Bronze age
artefact discovered in Denmark. It is a representation of the Sun chariot, a
bronze statue of a horse and a large bronze disk which are placed on a device
with spoked wheels.
It was discovered in 1902 in a peat bog
on the Trundholm moor in West Zealand County on the Northwest coast of the
island of Sealand (Sjaelland) Denmark.
The two sides of the disk
have been interpreted as an indication of the Sun drawn across the heavens from
East to West during the day, presenting its bright side to the earth and
returning from the West to East during the night, when the dark side is
presented to the Earth. It is believed that a chariot similar to the artefact
was pulled around during religious rituals to demonstrate the movement of the
Sun in the heavens.
In Norse Mythology, a reference to the sun being drawn by a
chariot is found.
The Nordic myths were
preserved orally for several thousands of years, similar to the oral traditions
of the Hindu Mythology (“Shruti” – meaning “heard” and passed on
through generations through oral traditions till they were written down in the
Vedic texts).
In Norse Mythology, the Sun Goddess “Sol” personifies
the Sun, who rode through the sky on her chariot
pulled by two horses – “Arvak” and “Alsvid”.
The Trundholm Sun chariot may represent an even earlier form of the Sun which
predated the Sun Goddess, Sol.
Similarly in Celtic Mythology, the Sky God Taranis is typically
depicted with the attribute of the spoked wheel.
The Rig-Veda, a Hindu text also mentions the Sun God’s “Surya’s”chariot passing
through the heavens, with seven horses (representing the seven colours of the
rainbow or the seven chakras in the human body), yoked to his chariot
named – “Gayatri”, “Brhati”, “Usnik”,
“Jagati”,
“Tristup”,
“Anustup”
and “Pankti”,
driven by the charioteer Aruna.
The Sun God has been described as traversing a distance
of 95,100,000 yojanas or 760,800,000 miles in his orbit around the “Bhu-Mandala” in his horse-driven chariot
at a speed of 2,000 yojanas and two kosas (16,004 kms) in a moment.
A painting of the Sun ("Surya") riding a seven-horse driven chariot by the charioteer Aruna made by Paromita Mukerjee.
Surya temples exist all over India, the most famous
being the Sun Temple, at Konark, Orissa. Surya is also described as “Mitra”
(meaning “friend” for his Life nourishing qualities.
Images of the setting sun, at a Sun Temple.
The Trundholm Sun Chariot dates back to around 1800 to 1600 BC.
Images of the setting sun, at a Sun Temple.
This kind of an alignment of the Sun is a rare occurence at any Sun Temple
The Trundholm Sun Chariot dates back to around 1800 to 1600 BC.
This artifact is now in
the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen.
This Banknote was first
issued on 24.05.2011. The size
of this Banknote is 165 mm x 72 mm and its colour
is Red.
Strengthening
the Security Features: The 2009 Series of Banknotes includes new Security features, viz., a window motion thread with a moving wave pattern, a new sophisticated
hologram that reflects light in different colours, in addition to the
traditional Security Features such as the Watermark and the hidden Security
Thread.
The Watermark on all these Banknotes includes the denomination of the Banknote and
the Skuldelev Viking Ship in Roskilde
Fjord. The watermark is clearly visible when the Banknotes are held up
against a light source.
The above is a representation
of two of the Skuldelev ships as they are kept in the Viking Ship Museum in
Roskilde.
Skuldelev
Ships: This is a term used for 6 Viking ships recovered from Peberrenden by Skuldelev c.,
some 20 km North of Roskilde in Denmark in 1962.
The recovered pieces of
the six ships constitute six types of ships which date back to around the 11th
century. From the recovered pieces it seems that they were scuttled by
their crew to prevent attacks from the Sea.
The
Skuldelev ships provide an excellent insight about ship-building traditions of
the late Viking period and include cargo, passenger and warrior-carrying ships. These ships are presently exhibited at the Viking Ship
museum in Roskilde.
Post Script: Denmark is one step closer to becoming the first Modern Cashless Society.
The Danmarks Nationalbank or “Nationalbanken”
(or Danish National Bank) has announced in October 2014 that it will stop printing Banknotes and would likely
be issuing coins only till the end of 2016. This decision is partially
a money saving move and partially based on a domestic economy that has
increasingly moved from using cash to using various forms of electronic
transfers for financial institutions. Also, it has been observed that several
vendors transact business in cash so as to avoid payment of 25% Value added Tax
(VAT).
As
an interim measure, the Danish Government has urged Danes to limit their cash
payments to a maximum of 10000 Kroner in cash, which will ensure that there is
no major case of tax evasion.
“Dankort”
is Denmark’s National Debit Card. It can function as a Credit Card as well,
when used abroad, when combined with a Visa Card.
(The Kroner Banknotes
shown above are from the collection of Jayant Biswas. Banknotes scanned and
post researched and written by Rajeev Prasad)
Links:
1) Mint of Finland: Provincial coins issued in 2010 and 2011 commemorating the cultures/traditions of the nint historic provinces which ceased to be Administrative Regions in 1634
2) Currency of Denmark: Krone and Ore (Part I): Historical Development of Coinage in Denmark
3) Currency of Denmark: Krone and Ore (Part II): The Evolution of Banknotes in Denmark
4) "The Golden Age of Finnish Art": A 10 Euro Silver Coin with the afore-mentioned theme as part of the sub-theme for 2017 - "The Age of Iron and Glass" under the overall theme of "Ages of Europe" issued by the Mint of Finland on 20.02.2017: ii) "Europa Coin Programme" ot the "European Silver Star Programme" or the "Eurostar Programme"
5) Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway): Introduction of the VIII Series of innovative/pixelated Banknotes with the theme "The Sea" in a phased manner from May 2017 to Q4 2020 and gradual withdrawal of the presently circulating Banknotes (VII Series)
6) Currency and Coinage of Sweden: Kronor and Ore: New Banknote Series and Coins being issued in 2015 and 2016
7) Currency and Coinage of Iceland: issued by by the Central Bank of Iceland or "Sedlabanki Islands": Kroner & Eyrir
Links:
1) Mint of Finland: Provincial coins issued in 2010 and 2011 commemorating the cultures/traditions of the nint historic provinces which ceased to be Administrative Regions in 1634
2) Currency of Denmark: Krone and Ore (Part I): Historical Development of Coinage in Denmark
3) Currency of Denmark: Krone and Ore (Part II): The Evolution of Banknotes in Denmark
4) "The Golden Age of Finnish Art": A 10 Euro Silver Coin with the afore-mentioned theme as part of the sub-theme for 2017 - "The Age of Iron and Glass" under the overall theme of "Ages of Europe" issued by the Mint of Finland on 20.02.2017: ii) "Europa Coin Programme" ot the "European Silver Star Programme" or the "Eurostar Programme"
5) Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway): Introduction of the VIII Series of innovative/pixelated Banknotes with the theme "The Sea" in a phased manner from May 2017 to Q4 2020 and gradual withdrawal of the presently circulating Banknotes (VII Series)
6) Currency and Coinage of Sweden: Kronor and Ore: New Banknote Series and Coins being issued in 2015 and 2016
7) Currency and Coinage of Iceland: issued by by the Central Bank of Iceland or "Sedlabanki Islands": Kroner & Eyrir
No comments:
Post a Comment