169) New
Zealand new Banknote “Seventh Series” (to be issued from 2015 onwards) under Project “Brighter Money”:
The Reserve Bank of New
Zealand has revised and updated the designs for their new Series of Banknotes
(the Seventh Series – to be issued
from October 2015 onwards) which are scheduled to be put into
circulation in late 2015 and 2016, in a phased manner.
This upgrade was
necessitated so as to ensure incorporation of additional security features,
notwithstanding the fact that New Zealand has rather low levels of counterfeiting.
The
last Series was issued about 15 years ago when polymer banknotes had replaced
the paper currency.
Historical
development of New Zealand’s Banknotes:
From 1934 to 10.07.1967,
the First & Second Series
were circulated in a currency known as the New Zealand Pound. The denominations
issued were 10 shillings, 1, 5, 10 & 50 Pounds.
From 10.07.1967,
New Zealand switched over to the decimal system which led to the New Zealand
Pound being replaced by the New Zealand dollar. These issues are referred to as
the Third Series (1967-1981).
The denominations issued were $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, and $100. These Banknotes
were issued by the Currency Paper and printing major De La Rue.
The exchange rate for the
earlier currency was two New Zealand dollars to one New Zealand pound. This
Series carried the portrait of Queen
Elizabeth facing left on the Front and a native New Zealand Bird & plant on
the Back.
A Fourth Series (1981-1991) of New Zealand Banknotes was
issued in 1981 which was printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co. This series
included the denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20 and $100 initially. A new portrait of Queen Elizabeth facing
front was placed on the Front of the Banknote.
The Front of a $2
(Two Dollar Banknote) showing a front facing Queen Elizabeth II.
The Back of a $2
(Two Dollar Banknote) showing a Rifleman Bird and a Mistletoe. Also
seen on this face at the bottom left of the Banknote is the name of the printing
Corporation “BRADBURY, WILKINSON & CO. (NZ) Ld”
The
Rifleman Bird or “Acanthisitta chloris”
(Order Passeriformes; Family: Acanthisittidae):
The Rifleman is generally
considered to be New Zealand’s smallest Bird. It is one of only two surviving
species within the ancient endemic New Zealand wren family. Riflemen are small
forest-dwelling insectivores, foraging up and down tree-trunks. There are
generally two sub-species – the North Island Rifleman (“Acanthisitta chloris granti”) and the South island Rifleman (“(“Acanthisitta chloris chloris”).
The Northern Island
Rifleman is found on North Island mountain ranges – North of Kaimai Forest Park
(Warawara Forest in Northland and on Little Barrier and Tiritiri Matangi
Islands), while South Island Riflemen are found throughout forests of the main
divide and in Codfish and Ulva Islands. The populations are declining rapidly
due to habitat clearance/degradation and introduced pest species like stoats.
In 1983, $50
banknotes were circulated.
In 1991, $1 and $2
Banknotes were replaced by gold-coloured coins.
In 1992, a Fifth Series (1992-1999), featuring prominent New Zealanders on the
Front and a natural New Zealand scene with a native New Zealand bird in the
foreground on the Back was circulated.
In 1999, a Sixth Series (1999-2014) was
circulated. In this Series, paper currency was replaced by polymer Banknotes.
This change increased the life of the Banknotes by about four times and allowed
introduction of new and improved security features to prevent counterfeiting. The overall design of the Banknotes remained
unchanged, except for these changes.
On the Front of the $5 Banknote, is
shown a portrait of Edmund Hillary, “Aoraki” or Mount Cook, while on the Back is a “Hoiho”
(yellow-eyed penguin), Campbell Island daisy, Ross Lily & Bull Kelp.
The size of this Banknote is 135 x 66 mm and its colour is orange.
On the Front of the $10 Banknote, is
shown a portrait of Kate Sheppard
& white Camellia flowers, while on the Back is a “Whio” (blue Duck), Parahebe cataractae and Blechnum fern. The size of this
Banknote is 140 x 68 mm and its colour is blue.
The Front of a $20 (Twenty Dollar Banknote) showing a front facing Queen Elizabeth II and New Zealand's Parliament Buildings.
The Back of a $20 (Twenty Dollar Banknote) showing a Karearea, Marlborough daisy, flowering Red tussock and Mt. "Tapuaenuku".
The Front of a $20 (Twenty Dollar Banknote) showing a front facing Queen Elizabeth II and New Zealand's Parliament Buildings.
The Back of a $20 (Twenty Dollar Banknote) showing a Karearea, Marlborough daisy, flowering Red tussock and Mt. "Tapuaenuku".
On the Front of the $20 Banknote, is
shown a portrait of Queen Elizabeth
II and New Zealand Parliament
Buildings, while on the Back
is a “Karearea” (New
Zealand Falcon), Marlborough
daisy, Flowering red Tussock and Mount “Tapuaenuku”.
The size of this Banknote is 145 x 70 mm and its colour is green.
On the Front of the $50 Banknote, is
shown a portrait of Sir Apirana Ngata
& the “Porourangi” Meeting House, while on the Back is a Conifer broadleaf scene, “Kokako”
(blue wattled crow), Supple jack (“Kareao”),
sky-blue mushroom. The size of this Banknote is 150 x 72 mm and its
colour is purple.
On the Front of the $100 Banknote, is
shown a portrait of Lord Rutherford
Nelson and an image of the Nobel
Prize medal, while on the
Back is a Beech Forest scene,
“Mohua”
(yellowhead bird), Red beech & South island lichen moth.
The size of this Banknote is 155 x 74 mm and its colour is red.
The Seventh Series of Banknotes (2015 onwards):
From October 2015
onwards the Seventh Series (2015
onwards) is proposed to be issued in a phased manner, the salient
features of which are as under:
- The
new Banknotes will be in the denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 and will
also retain the dimensions and colour schemes of the presently circulating Banknote
Series. Different denominations will still be of different sizes, so as to
assist the visually impaired persons to distinguish between the different
denominations. The new Banknotes will have a brighter, more modern appearance,
with the Banknote denominations being shown in larger, bolder print and greater
colour contrast between notes and they will include more text in Maori.
- The
themes of the new or upgraded Series of Banknotes will be the same – New
Zealand achievers (on the Front), flora and fauna (on the Back), which will
remain central to the designs.
- All
denominations will have upgraded security features and revised artwork with the
colours of the Banknotes being made brighter so as to help visually impaired
persons to better identify these Banknote denominations.
- The
Banknotes will have windows, as in the presently circulating banknotes, but
with more advanced security features. The additional security aspects added
include colour changing/optically variable features but, will be made of the
same flexible, durable plastic.
- The
new Series is being printed with more advanced technological processes by the
Canadian Bank Note Company (CBN) at their facilities in Ottawa, Canada, than
the previous Series issued in 1999.
- The
$5 and $10 Banknotes are scheduled to be released into circulation from October
2015 onwards. The remaining three denominations – i.e. $20, $50 and $100 will
be released by April 2016.
- The
new Banknotes will feature more “AOTEAROA”
(the most widely accepted Maori name for the entire country), “te reo Maori” (meaning “Maori”) and will
continue to have “windows” as at present.
The
existing Banknotes will continue to be legal tender and as and when they are
tendered to the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, they will be withdrawn by the
Reserve Bank from circulation.
Features
in the Seventh Series to help persons with vision impairment on the new New
Zealand Banknotes:
- Large bold numerals:
The size of the denomination numerals has been increased. To make them easier
to read, numerals appear as contrasting light–on–dark and dark–on–light text on
both sides of the Banknote.
- Greater colour contrast
between Banknotes: $5 will be orange, $10 will be blue, $20
will be green, $50 will be purple and $100 will be red.
- Graduated Banknote heights
and lengths: The larger the Banknote, the higher will
be the value principle has been retained as hithertobefore. The new Banknotes
will be the same sizes as the current Banknotes and will continue to work with
Banknote gauges used by visually impaired persons.
- Clearer backgrounds:
Less clutter will help the numerals to be seen/felt clearly.
The
new Banknotes will be released progressively from late 2015.
On the Front of the $5 Banknote to be
issued in October 2015, is featured a portrait of Sir Edmund Hillary with an image of Aoraki/Mount Cook in the background. On the top is mentioned
the issuing Bank’s name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial” in English). The size of
this Banknote is 135 mm x 66 mm and its colour is orange.
Sir
Edmund Hillary (20.07.1919-11.01.2008): He was a New
Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 30.01.1948, he
climbed Aoraki/Mount Cook in New Zealand.
On 29.05,1953, he,
along with, the Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay reached the summit
of Mount Everest for the first time ever.
As part of the
Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition he reached the South Pole overland in
1958.
Later, he reached the
North Pole in another Expedition, making
him the first person to reach both poles as well as summit Everest. After his successful Everest Expedition, he
devoted most of his life helping the Sherpas of Nepal through a “Himalayan
Trust” set up for the purpose by him.
Aoraki/Mount Cook: Aoraki is the name of a person in the traditions of the “Ngai Tahu iwi” (meaning the “Ngai Tahu tribe”). An early name for the South Island was “Te Waka o Aoraki” (meaning “Aoraki’s canoe”). “Ao” stands for “cloud”) and “raki” (stands for “sky”). In other words, it means “cloud or sky piercer”. The Maoris called the mountain Aoraki for several centuries. The first European to visit the mountain on 13.12.1642 was Abel Tasman during his first Pacific voyage. The name Mount Cook was given to the mountain in 1851 by Captain John Stokes after Captain James Cook, the British explorer.
Aoraki/Mount Cook: Aoraki is the name of a person in the traditions of the “Ngai Tahu iwi” (meaning the “Ngai Tahu tribe”). An early name for the South Island was “Te Waka o Aoraki” (meaning “Aoraki’s canoe”). “Ao” stands for “cloud”) and “raki” (stands for “sky”). In other words, it means “cloud or sky piercer”. The Maoris called the mountain Aoraki for several centuries. The first European to visit the mountain on 13.12.1642 was Abel Tasman during his first Pacific voyage. The name Mount Cook was given to the mountain in 1851 by Captain John Stokes after Captain James Cook, the British explorer.
Aoraki
is the highest mountain in New Zealand, standing at about 3754 metres high,
situated in the Southern Alps. It consists of three summits – the Low Peak,
Middle Peak and the High Peak, with the Tasman Glacier to its East and Hooker
Glacier to the West. The mountain is situated in the Aoraki/Mount Cook National
Park in the Canterbury Region (established in 1953) and along with Westland
National Park, Mount Aspiring National Park and Fiordland National Park it
forms one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The mountain was first scaled in 1894 by Jack Clarke, Tom Fyfe and
George Graham. Edmund Hillary (of Mount Everest fame) scaled the mountain for his
first time in January 1948.
The Maori legend:
It was believed that Aoraki was a young boy who along with his 3 brothers, were
the sons of “Rakinui”, the Sky
Father. On their voyage around the “Papatuanuku”,
the Earth Mother, their canoe became stranded on a reef and overturned. Aoraki
and his brothers climbed onto the top side of their canoe, but were frozen by
the icy wind and turned to stone. Their canoe became the “Te Waka O Aoraki”, the South Island and their prows the Marlborough
Sounds. Aoraki, the tallest became the highest peak, while his brothers became
the “Ka o te Moana”, the Southern
Alps.
On the Back of the $5 Banknote is shown
a “HOIHO” (or a yellow-eyed penguin), a Ross lily (“Bulbinella
rossii”), Campbell Island daisy
(“Pleurophyllum speciosum”), and Bull Kelp. On the top of the
Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Yellow eyed penguin or “Hoiho”: This penguin is found in New Zealand. It breeds around the South Island of New Zealand, Stewart, Auckland and in the Campbell Islands. Its Maori name is “Hoiho”. It is an endangered species and is one of the rarest penguin species in the World which is supposedly the most ancient of all living penguin species. A Reserve to protect its dwindling numbers has been set up at Long Point in the Caitlins in 2007 and in 2010, it was brought under the US Endangered Species Act.
Pleurophyllum speciosum (Campbell Island Daisy): is a mega-herb which is found in Auckland and Campbell Islands of New Zealand.
Yellow eyed penguin or “Hoiho”: This penguin is found in New Zealand. It breeds around the South Island of New Zealand, Stewart, Auckland and in the Campbell Islands. Its Maori name is “Hoiho”. It is an endangered species and is one of the rarest penguin species in the World which is supposedly the most ancient of all living penguin species. A Reserve to protect its dwindling numbers has been set up at Long Point in the Caitlins in 2007 and in 2010, it was brought under the US Endangered Species Act.
Pleurophyllum speciosum (Campbell Island Daisy): is a mega-herb which is found in Auckland and Campbell Islands of New Zealand.
Bulbinella rossii (Ross Lily): This plant is
commonly known as the Ross Lily. It is one of the sub-Antarctic mega-herbs.
It is named after the British Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross, who visited
Campbell Island in 1840.
Bull Kelp (Nereocystis): Nereocystis means “mermaid’s bladder” in Greek). It is an annual seaweed, sometimes persisting up to 18 months and can grow up to 10 inches or about 25 cm. in one day, with an overall length of about 30 to 60 feet or 10-20 metres. It thrives in coastal waters. Bull Kelp offers protective shelter to young fishes and invertebrates like sea urchins, sea stars, snails & crabs. Sea otters thrive on kelp forests too.
Bull Kelp (Nereocystis): Nereocystis means “mermaid’s bladder” in Greek). It is an annual seaweed, sometimes persisting up to 18 months and can grow up to 10 inches or about 25 cm. in one day, with an overall length of about 30 to 60 feet or 10-20 metres. It thrives in coastal waters. Bull Kelp offers protective shelter to young fishes and invertebrates like sea urchins, sea stars, snails & crabs. Sea otters thrive on kelp forests too.
On the Front of the $10 Banknote to be
issued in October 2015, is featured a portrait of Kate Sheppard with white Camellia flowers. On the top is mentioned the issuing Bank’s
name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE
PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial”).
Kate
Sheppard (10.03.1847-13.07.1934): She was the most
prominent member of New Zealand’s Women’s Suffragist Movement. New Zealand was
the first country to introduce universal suffrage in 1893, as such, Sheppard’s work
had a considerable impact on women’s suffrage movements in several other
countries around the globe. The size of this Banknote is 140 mm x 68 mm and its
colour is blue.
Camellia: This is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, found in eastern and southern Asia from the Himalayas to Japan & Indonesia, New Zealand and some islands of the Pacific. Camellias are evergreen shrubs or small trees. The genus was named after the Czech botanist Georg Joseph Kamel. In Chinese these flowers are known as “chahua” (or the tea flower”), in Japanese as “tsubaki” and in Korean as “dongbaek-kkot” and in Vietnamese as “hoa che”. This plant is of major commercial importance, because tea is made from its leaves.
Camellia: This is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, found in eastern and southern Asia from the Himalayas to Japan & Indonesia, New Zealand and some islands of the Pacific. Camellias are evergreen shrubs or small trees. The genus was named after the Czech botanist Georg Joseph Kamel. In Chinese these flowers are known as “chahua” (or the tea flower”), in Japanese as “tsubaki” and in Korean as “dongbaek-kkot” and in Vietnamese as “hoa che”. This plant is of major commercial importance, because tea is made from its leaves.
On the Back of the $10 Banknote is
shown a “WHIO” (or a blue duck), “Parahebe catarractae”,
“Blechnum”
fern. On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country
“NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Whio or blue duck: The blue duck (“Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos”) is a member of the duck, goose and swan family “Anatidae” which is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is “Whio” (pronounced as “fee-oh”) which is an onomatopoetic rendition of the male’s call. The blue duck is a dark blue slate-grey with a chestnut flecked breast and a paler bill and eye. The pinkish-white bill has fleshy flaps of skin hanging from the sides of its tip. The blue duck population has been greatly affected by predation by mammals such as stoats, competition for food from trouts and damming of mountain rivers for hydroelectric schemes. Considered to be an endangered species, the New Zealand Department of Conservation is working on projects to boost the “Whio” population at several duck breeding sites in concert with Avifauna and Bio-diversity Conservation groups.
Parahebe catarractae: This is a genus with 45 species of plants of flowers belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.
Whio or blue duck: The blue duck (“Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos”) is a member of the duck, goose and swan family “Anatidae” which is endemic to New Zealand. The Maori name is “Whio” (pronounced as “fee-oh”) which is an onomatopoetic rendition of the male’s call. The blue duck is a dark blue slate-grey with a chestnut flecked breast and a paler bill and eye. The pinkish-white bill has fleshy flaps of skin hanging from the sides of its tip. The blue duck population has been greatly affected by predation by mammals such as stoats, competition for food from trouts and damming of mountain rivers for hydroelectric schemes. Considered to be an endangered species, the New Zealand Department of Conservation is working on projects to boost the “Whio” population at several duck breeding sites in concert with Avifauna and Bio-diversity Conservation groups.
Parahebe catarractae: This is a genus with 45 species of plants of flowers belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.
Blechnum fern: “Blechnum” or hard fern is a genus of
ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution, found in the tropical regions of the
Southern Hemisphere with a few species found south of Cape Horn, Chile, being
the southernmost ferns in the World and in the Northern Hemisphere, North of
Iceland and Northern Norway. Several fern varieties are grown as ornamental
plants in gardens. Most ferns are herbaceous plants, but a few species are tree
ferns with stems upto three metres tall. “Blechnum”
is different from most ferns in that there is a separation of sterile (photosynthetic)
and fertile (reproductive) fronds in the same plant.
On the Front of the $20 Banknote to be
issued in October 2016, is featured a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, with New Zealand Parliament Buildings. On the top is mentioned
the issuing Bank’s name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial”). The size of this
Banknote is 145 mm x 70 mm and its colour is green.
New
Zealand Parliament Buildings: These Buildings house the
Parliament of New Zealand and are located on about 45000 sq. metres site at the
Northern end of Lambton Quay, Wellington. They have the main building i.e. the
Parliament house, the Executive wing (which has the distinctive shape of a
“Beehive”), the Parliamentary Library and Bowen House which houses MP’s offices
& support Staff.
On the Back of the $20 Banknote is
shown a “Karearea” (or the “New Zealand Falcon”), Marlborough Daisy, Flowering red tussock and Mount “Tapuae-o-Uenuku” (or “Tapuaenuku”).
On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND”
and “AOTEAROA”.
Karearea: or the New Zealand falcon is the only endemic falcon/remaining bird of prey found in New Zealand. It is also called the “bush hawk” or “sparrow hawk”. It is a member of the Falconidae bird family and is found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island and Auckland Islands. On the Protected list from 1970, it is considered to be an endangered/threatened species. In 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry initiated a programme for using falcons to control birds that damage grapes in vineyards and for setting up a breeding programme for falcons near the Marlborough Wine Region.
Karearea: or the New Zealand falcon is the only endemic falcon/remaining bird of prey found in New Zealand. It is also called the “bush hawk” or “sparrow hawk”. It is a member of the Falconidae bird family and is found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island and Auckland Islands. On the Protected list from 1970, it is considered to be an endangered/threatened species. In 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry initiated a programme for using falcons to control birds that damage grapes in vineyards and for setting up a breeding programme for falcons near the Marlborough Wine Region.
Marlborough
Daisy: is a compact, low-growing shrub, popular for its
attractive leathery leaves and its eye-catching daisy flowers.
Chionochloa rubra or “Red Tussock”: This is a variety of Tussock (grass) which is
endemic to New Zealand.
Mount
“Tapuae-o-uenuku”:
is the highest peak (at 9885 metres or 9465 ft) in the northeast of New
Zealand’s South Island. This name in Maori stands for “footprint of the
rainbow”, and was also the name of a Maori Chief. James Cook was the first
European to see it and he called it Mount Odin. Cook also nicknamed it ‘The
Watcher” as his ship could be seen easily at several points along the coast.
On the Front of the $50 Banknote to be issued in October 2016, is featured a portrait of Sir Apirana Ngata, with a “Porourangi” Meeting House. On the top is mentioned the issuing Bank’s name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial”). The size of this Banknote is 150 mm x 72 mm and its colour is purple.
On the Front of the $50 Banknote to be issued in October 2016, is featured a portrait of Sir Apirana Ngata, with a “Porourangi” Meeting House. On the top is mentioned the issuing Bank’s name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial”). The size of this Banknote is 150 mm x 72 mm and its colour is purple.
Sir
Apirana Ngata (03.07.1874-14.07.1950): He was the
foremost Maori politician to serve in Parliament and is remembered for his
tremendous contributions in promoting Maori culture and language.
“Porourangi” Meeting House: is the name given to the historic Meeting House of the “Ngati Porou” people which stands majestically at the foot of Puputa Hill. It was built between 1852 and 1864 and is a remarkable work of Maori culture. Each part is designed to display Maori skills, arts and crafts and also represents ancestral figures, elders and warriors who had performed great deeds for the people of the Ngati Porou tribal area. The carvings were done by Tamati Ngakaho, a tribal elder. Some important mentions are as follows – Along each wall traditional Maori patterns, such as poutama, roitama, patikitiki and purapurawhetu, alternate with images of different ancestors & warriors, each one with his name included in the tututuku work. Two figures on the poutokomanawa, the posts in the middle of the Meeting House, represent Hamo and Rongomaianiwaniwa, the wife & daughter of Porourangi, the Chief of the Ngati Porou tribe. The tekoteko, the figure on top of the Meeting House represents Tuterangiwhiuiti, who was a descendant of Porourangi & a great warrior. An interesting carving in the Meeting house is on the maihi or barge boards which indicate that no eating, smoking or entertainment should take place in the Meeting House.
“Porourangi” Meeting House: is the name given to the historic Meeting House of the “Ngati Porou” people which stands majestically at the foot of Puputa Hill. It was built between 1852 and 1864 and is a remarkable work of Maori culture. Each part is designed to display Maori skills, arts and crafts and also represents ancestral figures, elders and warriors who had performed great deeds for the people of the Ngati Porou tribal area. The carvings were done by Tamati Ngakaho, a tribal elder. Some important mentions are as follows – Along each wall traditional Maori patterns, such as poutama, roitama, patikitiki and purapurawhetu, alternate with images of different ancestors & warriors, each one with his name included in the tututuku work. Two figures on the poutokomanawa, the posts in the middle of the Meeting House, represent Hamo and Rongomaianiwaniwa, the wife & daughter of Porourangi, the Chief of the Ngati Porou tribe. The tekoteko, the figure on top of the Meeting House represents Tuterangiwhiuiti, who was a descendant of Porourangi & a great warrior. An interesting carving in the Meeting house is on the maihi or barge boards which indicate that no eating, smoking or entertainment should take place in the Meeting House.
Sir Apirana Ngata’s
Bungalow is located very close to the Meeting House.
On the Back of the $50 Banknote is shown a “Kokako” (or a “blue wattled crow”), a conifer broadleaf forest scene, Supple-jack (“Kareao”), and Sky-blue mushroom. On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Callaeas cinerea or “Kokako” or “the blue wattled crow”: The Kokako is an endangered forest bird endemic to New Zealand. It is slate-grey with wattles and a black mask. Threatened by extinction through predation of species like possums, stoats, cats, rats etc. these birds were found in North Island and south island, but the South island species has now become almost extinct. Although it is called the New Zealand crow because of its crow-like appearance from a distance, it is not a crow at all.
On the Back of the $50 Banknote is shown a “Kokako” (or a “blue wattled crow”), a conifer broadleaf forest scene, Supple-jack (“Kareao”), and Sky-blue mushroom. On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Callaeas cinerea or “Kokako” or “the blue wattled crow”: The Kokako is an endangered forest bird endemic to New Zealand. It is slate-grey with wattles and a black mask. Threatened by extinction through predation of species like possums, stoats, cats, rats etc. these birds were found in North Island and south island, but the South island species has now become almost extinct. Although it is called the New Zealand crow because of its crow-like appearance from a distance, it is not a crow at all.
Ripogonum or “Supple-jack” (“Kareao” or “Pirita” in Maori): It is a genus of
flowering plants found in eastern Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea.
Species of Ripogonum are perennials
either vines or shrubs. The fruit is a berry with a few brown seeds. Some
species of this plant are used for making baskets, ropes, fish traps etc. by
the indigenous people. It is also used as a medicine in treating constipation,
fever, rheumatism, skin diseases etc. A concentrated decoction of the supple-jack
root has a sweet scent and the flavour is soothing to the throat. Its berries,
sap and shoots are also edible.
Entoloma hochstetteri (or the Blue Mushroom):
This is a species of mushroom found in New Zealand and India. This mushroom has
a distinctive blue colour, while the gills have a reddish tint from the spores.
This mushroom grows in woodlands of western parts of both North and south
Islands of New Zealand. Several members of the genus Entoloma are poisonous, however, whether Entoloma hochstetteri is poisonous or not.
On the Front of the $100 Banknote to be
issued in April 2016, is featured a portrait of Lord Rutherford of Nelson and an image of the Nobel Prize medal. On the top is
mentioned the issuing Bank’s name “RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND” and “TE PUTEA MATAU” (meaning “the Financial”).
The size of this Banknote is 155 mm x 74 mm and its colour is red.
Lord
Ernest Rutherford 1st Baron of Nelson (30.08.1871-19.10.1937):
He was a New Zealand born British physicist who is known as the Father of
Nuclear Physics. He discovered the concept of radio-active half-life, proved
that radio-activity involved the transmutation of one chemical element to
another. He also differentiated and coined the terms alpha and beta radiation.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work into the
disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radio-active substances.
Later in 1911, he theorised that atoms have their charge concentrated in
a very small nucleus. He pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through
his discovery and interpretation of Rutherford scattering in a gold foil
experiment. He is credited with the first “splitting of the atom” in 1917,
in a nuclear reaction between nitrogen and alpha particles, in which he also
discovered and named the proton. The chemical Rutherfordium (No.104 on Periodic
Table of the Elements) was named after him in 1997.
On the Back of the $100 Banknote is shown a “Mohua” (or a “yellowhead”), a red beech and South Island lichen moth (Declana egregia). On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Mohua or the Yellowhead bird: The Yellowhead or Mohua (Mohua ochrocephala) is a bird endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. It was abundantly found in beech forests in Nelson, Marlborough Sounds to the Southland, Stewart Island, Rakiura etc. in the 19th century, but its population has dropped due to the predation of pests like black rats and mustelids. Some Mohua groups now live in the beech forests of the Catlins area. Mohua is now a “protected threatened endemic” species with conservation efforts going on to establish many predator-free offshore islands sanctuaries, particularly in Breaksea Island in Fiordland & Ulva Island and pest-control measures, which has led to an increase in its population.
On the Back of the $100 Banknote is shown a “Mohua” (or a “yellowhead”), a red beech and South Island lichen moth (Declana egregia). On the top of the Banknote is mentioned the name of the country “NEW ZEALAND” and “AOTEAROA”.
Mohua or the Yellowhead bird: The Yellowhead or Mohua (Mohua ochrocephala) is a bird endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. It was abundantly found in beech forests in Nelson, Marlborough Sounds to the Southland, Stewart Island, Rakiura etc. in the 19th century, but its population has dropped due to the predation of pests like black rats and mustelids. Some Mohua groups now live in the beech forests of the Catlins area. Mohua is now a “protected threatened endemic” species with conservation efforts going on to establish many predator-free offshore islands sanctuaries, particularly in Breaksea Island in Fiordland & Ulva Island and pest-control measures, which has led to an increase in its population.
Red
Beech or Nothofagus fusca (“Tawhai raunui” in Maori): This is a species endemic to New Zealand and
occurs in both the North and South Island. It is an evergreen tree growing to
about 35 metres in height and is found on the lower hills and inland valley
floors. It is grown as an ornamental tree because of its attractive leaf shape.
Its wood is extremely durable and it is also used in flooring.
South
Island lichen moth (Declana egregia): South Island
lichen moth is also known as the zebra moth.
Posted on 03.11.2015:
Some presently circulating Banknotes collected by Jayant Biswas during his recent trip to the USA:
The Front of a polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Back of the above polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Front of a polymer $50 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Back of the above polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
These two banknotes look a little "dull" in front of the new "Brighter Money" Series, don't they?
Posted on 03.11.2015:
Some presently circulating Banknotes collected by Jayant Biswas during his recent trip to the USA:
The Front of a polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Back of the above polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Front of a polymer $50 Banknote, currently in circulation.
The Back of the above polymer $10 Banknote, currently in circulation.
These two banknotes look a little "dull" in front of the new "Brighter Money" Series, don't they?
Some
tips for handling Polymer Banknotes:
Polymer Banknotes are
tough, however, they require some precautions while handling:
- Avoid heat: Polymer
Banknotes react to very hot temperatures and shrink or melt when ironed or
exposed to open flames.
- No defacing: It is illegal to deface New Zealand currency.
- Tearing:
It is difficult to initiate a rip in a polymer Banknote. Nevertheless, one a
tear develops on the Banknote, a polymer Banknote will easily rip apart. It is
recommended by the Bank of New Zealand that a user should repair the torn notes
with tape and use them again. All such Banknotes will be removed by the Reserve
Bank of New Zealand as and when they are returned/deposited in the Bank.
- Avoid crumpling:
Users should keep the polymer Banknotes straight and flat. Avoid creasing,
crumpling or folding of Banknotes. It is suggested that one should flatten out
creased Banknotes by applying pressure to the Banknote or by curling them in
one’s hand. However, one should never iron a Banknote.
- How to count Polymer
Banknotes: When counting a bundle of new Banknotes,
one should fan them, tap them against a hard surface or shuffle them to ensure
that they do not stick together.
- Never staple polymer
Banknotes: One shuld use paper bands when bundling
these Banknotes as the tiny punctures/holes can easily cause a Banknote to
tear.
- Cleaning:
Polymer Banknotes are water and oil resistant and can be wiped clean with a
damp cloth.
Links:
1) Coins of New Zealand
Links to Posts on Australia, New Zealand and countries and Overseas Territories of the South Pacific on this blog:
1) Bank of Papua New Guinea: 36th Anniversary Celebrations (1973-2008): A Commemorative Uncirulated Coin Set consisting of a 2 Kina Banknote & a 2 Kina Coin
2) Papua New Guinea: An uncirculated coin set brought out in 1995 commemorating the 20th Anniversary of Independence
3) Currency & Coinage of the Soloman Islands: Dollars and Cents
4) New Zealand: New Banknote "Seventh Series" issued under Project "Brighter Money" from 2015 onwards
5) Coinage of the French Polynesian Island of Caledonia (or Nouvelle Caledonie) the CFP Franc
6) French Institution for issuing uniform currency/coinage for French Overseas Territories in the Pacific and the French Southern Territories of Antarctica: The Institut d'emmission d'outre Mer (IEOM)
7) Currency & Coinage of Samoa: Tala and Sene
8) Currency of the South Pacific Island Country of Fiji
9) Coinage of New Zealand: A commemorative coin set issued in 1979
10) Currency and Coinage of Australia: Dollars and Cents
11) The Australian Emblem or the Coat of Arms
12) The story of the Australian Penny
13) The Legend of the Mutiny on the Bounty: A Commemorative Coin Set from the Pitcairn Islands depicting relics from the Bounty issued in 2009
14) An Australian $5 coin issued in 1996, commemorating Australia's greatest cricketing legend - Sir Donald Bradman
15) New Series/Generation of Australian Banknotes being introduced from 01.09.2016 onwards starting from $5 issues
Links:
1) Coins of New Zealand
Links to Posts on Australia, New Zealand and countries and Overseas Territories of the South Pacific on this blog:
1) Bank of Papua New Guinea: 36th Anniversary Celebrations (1973-2008): A Commemorative Uncirulated Coin Set consisting of a 2 Kina Banknote & a 2 Kina Coin
2) Papua New Guinea: An uncirculated coin set brought out in 1995 commemorating the 20th Anniversary of Independence
3) Currency & Coinage of the Soloman Islands: Dollars and Cents
4) New Zealand: New Banknote "Seventh Series" issued under Project "Brighter Money" from 2015 onwards
5) Coinage of the French Polynesian Island of Caledonia (or Nouvelle Caledonie) the CFP Franc
6) French Institution for issuing uniform currency/coinage for French Overseas Territories in the Pacific and the French Southern Territories of Antarctica: The Institut d'emmission d'outre Mer (IEOM)
7) Currency & Coinage of Samoa: Tala and Sene
8) Currency of the South Pacific Island Country of Fiji
9) Coinage of New Zealand: A commemorative coin set issued in 1979
10) Currency and Coinage of Australia: Dollars and Cents
11) The Australian Emblem or the Coat of Arms
12) The story of the Australian Penny
13) The Legend of the Mutiny on the Bounty: A Commemorative Coin Set from the Pitcairn Islands depicting relics from the Bounty issued in 2009
14) An Australian $5 coin issued in 1996, commemorating Australia's greatest cricketing legend - Sir Donald Bradman
15) New Series/Generation of Australian Banknotes being introduced from 01.09.2016 onwards starting from $5 issues
Anand Varma has commented:
ReplyDelete"Taking care of visually impaired persons while printing banknotes is an appreciable step of New zeeland government. Thanks for sharing good information."
That is a very nice comment/observation, Anand.
DeleteRamchandra Lalingkar has commented:
ReplyDelete"Really beautiful Currency Notes. And that too with some features to facilitate 'Visually Impaired' people to identify the currency notes. Amazing ! What a thoughtful step taken by New Zealand Govt. !!"
The Indian Rupee also has similar features in denominations above ten rupees.
DeleteSuresh Dixit has commented:
ReplyDelete"Great research".
Thank you for the encouragement.
DeleteThank you for sharing this post. We have to know this serious issue about pest. we at sreepestosolutions hyderabad Commercial Pest control Services in Hyderabad
ReplyDelete