802) Bolivar Soberano (or Sovereign Bolivar), Venezuela: (2018 Series of Banknotes): introduced by Banco de National, the Central Bank of Venezuela on 20.08.2018:
On 25.07.2018, the Banco de Venezuela had announced that President Nicholas newly revalued Banknotes will be issued, which saw five zeros removed from the "Bolivar fuerte" which was introduced in 2009 by the previous President, the Late Hugo Chavez.
In an effort to combat a staggering level of inflation, which has been documented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to have now reached a level of one million present (10,00,000%), the value of Venezuela's national currency was considerably eroded.
The new currency is called "Bolivar Soberano" (meaning the "Sovereign Bolivar").
As a measure to guarantee some value to the new currency, President Maduro has signed over one of the largest parcels of oil reserves in Venezuela to the Central Bank to anchor the Bolivar Soberano. The decree to assign the Orinoco Oil Belt's Ayacucho 2 Block (which is said to contain 29.3 billion barrels of oil) to the Central Bank is a way of bolstering its international reserves. The new currency system is now being linked to the country's petro crypto-currency (backed by the petro-reserves). The primary aim of this exercise (new currency launch) is to stabilise and change the country's monetary life in a radical way and lead to an economic revolution.
Venezuela is one of the richest countries in terms of having the largest oil reserves in the world, but has suffered from a staggering economy and rampant inflation since the initial introduction of a socialist model of economics which introduced substantial subsidies and controlled consumer prices. As a result, industry and manufacturing has all but ceased since the country's producers cannot buy raw materials from outside the country, as Venezuela's hard currency reserves have dwindled to near zero. These failed economic conditions along with falling oil prices and the passing away of Hugo Chavez, the charismatic leader of the Venezuelan Movement, have all converged to deepen the economic woes of Venezuela.
The evidence of rampant inflation is seen on the streets of the Venezuelan capital Caracas, where Banknotes were being literally thrown out in the garbage or left on the ground to litter the city.
The new Banknotes - the Bolivar Soberano introduced on 20.08.2018:
The new Banknotes are essentially re-designs from the vertically themed Banknotes introduced in 2009. Originally issued in denominations of two to 100 Bolivares Fuertes (which had replaced the previous series of inflation-ridden Bolivars), these denominations were later replaced with inflation-plagued values of 500 to 100,000 Bolivares Fuertes towards the end of 2016.
The Banco Central de Venezuela has on 20.08.2018 introduced the new Bolivar Soberano to the "weary" Venezuelan public, amid uneasy social and economic conditions. The currency was circulated on what was announced as a national holiday for Venezuelans who have been coping with the staggeringly high inflation.
The new/re-valued currency removes five zeros from the hitherto circulating currency (from the earlier planned removal of three zeros by the Central Bank), thus the 100,000 Bolivar Fuertes would now be equal to 1 Bolivar Soberano.
Eight denominations are being introduced in the re-valued Bolivar Soberano - 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500.
The Fronts of the high denomination Banknote - 500 Bolivars Soberanos to 50 Bolivar Sobranos
The Fronts of the small denomination Banknotes 20 to 2 Bolivar Soberanos Banknotes
The Sizes of the new Banknotes are a uniform 69.0 mm x 156 mm.
The Colours vary with the different denominations and depict similar historic personalities on the Front and bear designs of indigenous animal life on the Back, seen in both the 2008 and 2016 Banknote series. The Banknotes also retain their vertical design concept.
In addition, two coins have also been introduced in the denominations of 1 Bolivar Soberano (equivalent to the earlier 100,000 Bolivares Fuertes) and 50 Centavos (equivalent to the earlier 50,000 Bolivares Fuertes).
In conjunction with the introduction of the new currency, the Venezuelan government has announced that all businesses with more than 10 employees must pay a monthly salary of 1,800 Bolivares Soberanos, which, together-with subsidised prices for essential foods and house-hold goods, will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable of living for the citizens.
On the Front of the 2 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen an image of Josefa Camejo (1791-1870).
She is remembered as one of the heroes who fought with other women of the time for the independence of Venezuela.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" (meaning "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela") and the denomination of the Banknote "2 Dos Bolivares" (" 2 Bolivar Sobranos").
At left is the Emblem/Coat of Arms of Venezuela (which is a feature of all the denominations).
Coat of Arms of Venezuela:
The Coat of Arms of Venezuela
The present Coat of Arms of Venezuela was adopted on 12.03.2006.
Armiger: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Crest: Two Cornucopia (Above the shield are two Cornucopias (horns of plenty) pouring out wealth and prosperity).
Escutcheon: Tierced; first Gules (red), a cluster of 24 stalks of wheat Or (Gold); second Or, flags of Venezuela in saltire tied together at fly by a rapier, a long knife, a bow and a spear; third azure (blue), a horse courant Argent (silver), facing Dexter (left).
(The shield is divided into the colours of the National Flag. In the Dexter chief (left), on a red field, wheat represents the union of the 20 states of the Republic existing at the time and the wealth of the nation. In the Sinister chief (right), on a yellow field, weapons (a sword, a sabre and three lances) and two national flags are tied by a branch of laurel, as a symbol of triumph in war.
In base, on a deep blue field, a wild white horse (representing Simon Bolivar's white horse "Paloma" runs free, an emblem of independence and freedom).
Supporters: To the Dexter - a sprig of olive proper and to the Sinister - a sprig of palm proper, tied together with a ribbon Or, Azure and Gules.
(The shield is flanked by an olive branch and another of palm, both tied at the bottom of the coat with a large band that represents the National Tricolour (yellow for the nation's wealth, blue for the ocean separating Venezuela from Spain and red for the blood and courage of the people).
Motto : (The following captions appear in golden letters on a blue stripe):
19 de April de 1810 (April 19, 1810); Independencia (Independence) ; 20 de Febrero 1859 (February 20, 1859); Federacion (Federation); Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela).
On the Back of the 2 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen an image of a yellow-crowned parrot, next to a background landscape of Cayo Sal, located in the state of Falcon.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "2 Dos Bolivares".
The yellow-crowned or amazon parrot ("Amazona ochrocephala"):
This species of parrot is native to South America and Panama. It is found in the Amazon basin and the Guianas, with additional populations in North-western South America and Panama. It is a bird of tropical forest (both humid and dry), woodland mangroves, savanna and is also found in cultivated land and suburban areas. It is mainly a lowland bird but has been recorded up to heights of 800.0 metres (or 2,600 feet).
The yellow-crowned amazon is considered to be of least concern by Birdlife International and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Cayo Sal (Falcon):
Cayo Sal is a Venezuelan Island in the Southeast Caribbean Sea, South of Cayo Borracho and North of Cayo Muerta and Cayo Peraza. Administratively, it is part of the Morrocoy National Park. Its vegetation is made up of palm trees and it gets its name from a salt lake near the island.
On the Front of the 5 Bolivars Soberanos Banknotes is seen an image of Jose Felix Ribas (1775-1815).
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and "5 Coco Bolivares" ("5 Bolivar Soberanos).
Jose Felix Ribas (1775-1815): He was a Venezuelan independence leader and hero who fought in the Venezuelan War of Independence.
He became involved in the conspiracy of 1808, but was taken prisoner after his failure, but in his defence he stated that on the day of the action, he was heading to a public square to spend time and was released for lack of evidence. Actually he was frequenting the Square to meet with other Republicans to plan an uprising.
When the Revolution of 19.04.1810 was taking place, he travelled throughout the entire city, encouraging people to join in the demonstrations against Spanish rule.
In the aftermath of the Revolution, he joined the interim government on 25.04.1810 taking charge of the municipality of Caracas.
Despite having no military background, he was appointed Colonel of the Barlovento battalion, which he helped raise with his own funds and fought several battles. He won a major victory with his inexperienced troops against formidably Royalist troops. Before crucial battles, he told his troops - "We have no choice between victory or death, we must achieve victory". He was ultimately defeated in a crucial battle and betrayed to the Royalists, and was executed by beheading.
Almost two centuries later, his deeds were commemorated and one of the Bolivarian missions "Mission Ribas" was named in his honour. Two Venezuelan Municipalities are also named after him.
On the Back of the 5 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is a striped toad accompanied by the background landscape of Henri Pittier National Park in the state of Aragua.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote " 5 Cinco Bolivares".
The striped toad or the "Atelopus cruciger" (also known as the Veragua stubfoot toad or Rancho Grande harlequin frog:
This is a species of toad which is endemic to Venezuela and is known from the Central Venezualan Coastal Range.
The species was suspected to be extinct because, despite considerable efforts, none had been found since 1986. Its decline is attributed to air pollution (acid rain), and chytridiomycosis.
Since 2003, small populations have been found to persist in a few locations, all of which are in the Henri Pettier National Park. These frogs are diurnal and found on stones but can also climb vegetation up to 1.5 metres above the ground.
Henri Pittier National Park: This is the oldest National Park in Venezuela originally created on 13.02.1937 under the name Rancho Grande but was later renamed in 1953 as the Henri Pettier National Park in honour of Henri Pittier, a distinguished Swiss geographer, botanist and ethnologist who arrived in Venezzuela in 1917 and classified more that 30,000 plants in the country and devoted many years studying the flora and fauna in the Park.
The Park consists of two geographic systems - a steep mountainous interior where there are more than 500 bird species and 22 endemic species and a coastal area with bays, beaches and resorts with a huge tourism potential. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna. With nine major rivers, the Park is a major source of water for surrounding towns. It also contains land where some of the best cacao in the world is cultivated.
On the Front of the 10 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen an image of Rafael Urdaneta (1788-1845).
He was a hero of the independence movement of Venezuela.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name " Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and the denomination of the Banknote "10 Diez Bolivares" (meaning " Ten Bolivar Soberanos").
Rafael Jose Urdaneta y Farias (24.10.1788 - 23.08.1845): He was a Venezuelan General and hero of the Spanish American Wars of Independence.
He served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831. He joined Bolivar's revolutionary army, fought many battles against the Spanish Royalists and was an ardent supporter of Simon Bolivar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies. He served as the Minister of Defence, while Simon Bolivar was President of Gran Colombia.
On the Back of the 10 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen an image of the "Oso Palmero" (Giant Anteater) accompanied by the Catatumbo Lightning in the background and the landscape of the Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "10 Diez Bolivares".
The Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla):
This is a large insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America and is also known as the "Ant Bear". It is one of four living species of anteaters. This species is mostly terrestrial and is the largest of its family - 182-217 cms (or 5.97 - 7.12 feet) in length with weights of 33-41 kilograms for males and 27-39 kilograms for females.
It is recognisable by its elongated snout, bushy tail, long fore claws and distinctive coloured pelage.
It is found in multiple habitats, including grassland and rainforest. It forages in open areas and feeds primarily on ants and termites, using its fore-claws to dig them up and its long, sticky tongue to collect them.
The giant anteater is listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Threats to its survival include habitat destruction, fire, poaching for its fur and bush-meat. Some protected areas have been developed for them.
Catatumbo Lightning: is an atmospheric phenomenon in Venezuela occurring over the mouth of the Catatumbo River where it empties into Lake Maracaibo.
It originates from a mass of storm clouds at a height of more than 1 kilometer and occurs during 140 to 160nights a year, 10 hours per day and upto 280 times per hour. It occurs over and around Lake Maracaibo, typically over the bog area formed where the Catatumbo flows into the lake. Catatumbo lightning changes its frequency throughout the year and is different from year to year.
Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park:
The Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park or Parque Nacional Cienagas del Catatumbo or the Catatumbo Marshes National Park is the second natural park of the Zulia state. It includes a segment of the Catatumbo moist forests eco-region. It is located in the wide plain between the Serrania del Perija and Maracaibo Lake. The temperature ranges between 22 degrees and 32 degrees, with a very high humidity.
The area is known throughout the country by a strange magnetic phenomenon, with unusually frequent electric discharge that falls on the plain and does not give thunder.
The area comprises a wide swamp between the plains of Western Zulia and the lake of Maracaibo, which also covers a small stretch of coast in the South-western area. It is predominantly a large boggy territory, with no prominent peaks or large unevenness or isometric variations, at the mouth of the Catatumbo River.
On the Front of the 20 Bolivares Soberanos Banknote is seen an image of Simon Rodriguez (1769-1854).
In addition, two coins have also been introduced in the denominations of 1 Bolivar Soberano (equivalent to the earlier 100,000 Bolivares Fuertes) and 50 Centavos (equivalent to the earlier 50,000 Bolivares Fuertes).
In conjunction with the introduction of the new currency, the Venezuelan government has announced that all businesses with more than 10 employees must pay a monthly salary of 1,800 Bolivares Soberanos, which, together-with subsidised prices for essential foods and house-hold goods, will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable of living for the citizens.
She is remembered as one of the heroes who fought with other women of the time for the independence of Venezuela.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" (meaning "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela") and the denomination of the Banknote "2 Dos Bolivares" (" 2 Bolivar Sobranos").
At left is the Emblem/Coat of Arms of Venezuela (which is a feature of all the denominations).
Coat of Arms of Venezuela:
The present Coat of Arms of Venezuela was adopted on 12.03.2006.
Armiger: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Crest: Two Cornucopia (Above the shield are two Cornucopias (horns of plenty) pouring out wealth and prosperity).
Escutcheon: Tierced; first Gules (red), a cluster of 24 stalks of wheat Or (Gold); second Or, flags of Venezuela in saltire tied together at fly by a rapier, a long knife, a bow and a spear; third azure (blue), a horse courant Argent (silver), facing Dexter (left).
(The shield is divided into the colours of the National Flag. In the Dexter chief (left), on a red field, wheat represents the union of the 20 states of the Republic existing at the time and the wealth of the nation. In the Sinister chief (right), on a yellow field, weapons (a sword, a sabre and three lances) and two national flags are tied by a branch of laurel, as a symbol of triumph in war.
In base, on a deep blue field, a wild white horse (representing Simon Bolivar's white horse "Paloma" runs free, an emblem of independence and freedom).
Supporters: To the Dexter - a sprig of olive proper and to the Sinister - a sprig of palm proper, tied together with a ribbon Or, Azure and Gules.
(The shield is flanked by an olive branch and another of palm, both tied at the bottom of the coat with a large band that represents the National Tricolour (yellow for the nation's wealth, blue for the ocean separating Venezuela from Spain and red for the blood and courage of the people).
Motto : (The following captions appear in golden letters on a blue stripe):
19 de April de 1810 (April 19, 1810); Independencia (Independence) ; 20 de Febrero 1859 (February 20, 1859); Federacion (Federation); Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela).
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "2 Dos Bolivares".
The yellow-crowned or amazon parrot ("Amazona ochrocephala"):
This species of parrot is native to South America and Panama. It is found in the Amazon basin and the Guianas, with additional populations in North-western South America and Panama. It is a bird of tropical forest (both humid and dry), woodland mangroves, savanna and is also found in cultivated land and suburban areas. It is mainly a lowland bird but has been recorded up to heights of 800.0 metres (or 2,600 feet).
The yellow-crowned amazon is considered to be of least concern by Birdlife International and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Cayo Sal (Falcon):
Cayo Sal is a Venezuelan Island in the Southeast Caribbean Sea, South of Cayo Borracho and North of Cayo Muerta and Cayo Peraza. Administratively, it is part of the Morrocoy National Park. Its vegetation is made up of palm trees and it gets its name from a salt lake near the island.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and "5 Coco Bolivares" ("5 Bolivar Soberanos).
Jose Felix Ribas (1775-1815): He was a Venezuelan independence leader and hero who fought in the Venezuelan War of Independence.
He became involved in the conspiracy of 1808, but was taken prisoner after his failure, but in his defence he stated that on the day of the action, he was heading to a public square to spend time and was released for lack of evidence. Actually he was frequenting the Square to meet with other Republicans to plan an uprising.
When the Revolution of 19.04.1810 was taking place, he travelled throughout the entire city, encouraging people to join in the demonstrations against Spanish rule.
In the aftermath of the Revolution, he joined the interim government on 25.04.1810 taking charge of the municipality of Caracas.
Despite having no military background, he was appointed Colonel of the Barlovento battalion, which he helped raise with his own funds and fought several battles. He won a major victory with his inexperienced troops against formidably Royalist troops. Before crucial battles, he told his troops - "We have no choice between victory or death, we must achieve victory". He was ultimately defeated in a crucial battle and betrayed to the Royalists, and was executed by beheading.
Almost two centuries later, his deeds were commemorated and one of the Bolivarian missions "Mission Ribas" was named in his honour. Two Venezuelan Municipalities are also named after him.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote " 5 Cinco Bolivares".
The striped toad or the "Atelopus cruciger" (also known as the Veragua stubfoot toad or Rancho Grande harlequin frog:
This is a species of toad which is endemic to Venezuela and is known from the Central Venezualan Coastal Range.
The species was suspected to be extinct because, despite considerable efforts, none had been found since 1986. Its decline is attributed to air pollution (acid rain), and chytridiomycosis.
Since 2003, small populations have been found to persist in a few locations, all of which are in the Henri Pettier National Park. These frogs are diurnal and found on stones but can also climb vegetation up to 1.5 metres above the ground.
Henri Pittier National Park: This is the oldest National Park in Venezuela originally created on 13.02.1937 under the name Rancho Grande but was later renamed in 1953 as the Henri Pettier National Park in honour of Henri Pittier, a distinguished Swiss geographer, botanist and ethnologist who arrived in Venezzuela in 1917 and classified more that 30,000 plants in the country and devoted many years studying the flora and fauna in the Park.
The Park consists of two geographic systems - a steep mountainous interior where there are more than 500 bird species and 22 endemic species and a coastal area with bays, beaches and resorts with a huge tourism potential. There is a great diversity of flora and fauna. With nine major rivers, the Park is a major source of water for surrounding towns. It also contains land where some of the best cacao in the world is cultivated.
He was a hero of the independence movement of Venezuela.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name " Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and the denomination of the Banknote "10 Diez Bolivares" (meaning " Ten Bolivar Soberanos").
Rafael Jose Urdaneta y Farias (24.10.1788 - 23.08.1845): He was a Venezuelan General and hero of the Spanish American Wars of Independence.
He served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831. He joined Bolivar's revolutionary army, fought many battles against the Spanish Royalists and was an ardent supporter of Simon Bolivar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies. He served as the Minister of Defence, while Simon Bolivar was President of Gran Colombia.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "10 Diez Bolivares".
The Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla):
This is a large insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America and is also known as the "Ant Bear". It is one of four living species of anteaters. This species is mostly terrestrial and is the largest of its family - 182-217 cms (or 5.97 - 7.12 feet) in length with weights of 33-41 kilograms for males and 27-39 kilograms for females.
It is recognisable by its elongated snout, bushy tail, long fore claws and distinctive coloured pelage.
It is found in multiple habitats, including grassland and rainforest. It forages in open areas and feeds primarily on ants and termites, using its fore-claws to dig them up and its long, sticky tongue to collect them.
The giant anteater is listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Threats to its survival include habitat destruction, fire, poaching for its fur and bush-meat. Some protected areas have been developed for them.
Catatumbo Lightning: is an atmospheric phenomenon in Venezuela occurring over the mouth of the Catatumbo River where it empties into Lake Maracaibo.
It originates from a mass of storm clouds at a height of more than 1 kilometer and occurs during 140 to 160nights a year, 10 hours per day and upto 280 times per hour. It occurs over and around Lake Maracaibo, typically over the bog area formed where the Catatumbo flows into the lake. Catatumbo lightning changes its frequency throughout the year and is different from year to year.
Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park:
The Cienaga de Juan Manuel National Park or Parque Nacional Cienagas del Catatumbo or the Catatumbo Marshes National Park is the second natural park of the Zulia state. It includes a segment of the Catatumbo moist forests eco-region. It is located in the wide plain between the Serrania del Perija and Maracaibo Lake. The temperature ranges between 22 degrees and 32 degrees, with a very high humidity.
The area is known throughout the country by a strange magnetic phenomenon, with unusually frequent electric discharge that falls on the plain and does not give thunder.
The area comprises a wide swamp between the plains of Western Zulia and the lake of Maracaibo, which also covers a small stretch of coast in the South-western area. It is predominantly a large boggy territory, with no prominent peaks or large unevenness or isometric variations, at the mouth of the Catatumbo River.
Simon Rodriguez or Samuel Robinson (28.10.1769 - 28.02.1854): He was an eminent philosopher and educator and notably Simon Bolivar's tutor and mentor. His role in the failed Gual and Espana conspiracy against the Spanish Crown in 1797, forced him to leave Venezuela.
In Kingston, Jamaica, he met his former protégé - Simon bolivar - and together they made a long journey across Europe, witnessing the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte in Milan as King of Italy and in Rome witnessed how Bolivar took his famous oath that he would liberate all of America from the Spanish Crown. After travelling all over Europe, he settled down in Colombia. Later he went to Peru, Chile and Equador. One of the Bolivarian Missions of Hugo Chavez - "Mission Robinson" - is named after him.
Also mentioned on top of this face is thecountry name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuala" and "20 Viente Bolivares" ("20 Bolivares Soberanos").
On the Back of the 20 Bolivares Sobranos Banknote is seen the Venezuelan jaguar and the Waraira Repano National Park.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "20 Viente Bolivares".
Venezuelan Jaguar:
For more interesting facts about the Jaguar, please visit mo post at the following link:Jaguar: Wildlife of Nicaragua, Mexico, Central and South America.
Waraira Repano National Park (or "El Avila National Park):
The Waraira Repano National Park protects part of the Cordillera de la Costa Central mountain range in the coastal region of Central-northern Venezuela. It was declared a Park in 1958.
El Avila National Park is located along the central section of the Cordillera de la Costa mountain system, in the Cordillera mountain ranges. The area's highest elevation is "Pico Naiguata" at 2,765 metres ( or 9,072 feet) above sea-level.
El Waraira Repano is known as "el pulmon de la ciudad", the lungs of the city, as it serves many different functions, the most basic of which is navigation - the peak of El Avila marks the North of the city. It is home to the longest cable car ride in the world and activities like running, biking, rock climbing, camping etc.
On the Front of the 50 Bolivars Soberanos Banknotes is seen an image of the Grand Marshal of Ayacucho - Antonio Jose de Sucre.
In Kingston, Jamaica, he met his former protégé - Simon bolivar - and together they made a long journey across Europe, witnessing the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte in Milan as King of Italy and in Rome witnessed how Bolivar took his famous oath that he would liberate all of America from the Spanish Crown. After travelling all over Europe, he settled down in Colombia. Later he went to Peru, Chile and Equador. One of the Bolivarian Missions of Hugo Chavez - "Mission Robinson" - is named after him.
Also mentioned on top of this face is thecountry name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuala" and "20 Viente Bolivares" ("20 Bolivares Soberanos").
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "20 Viente Bolivares".
Venezuelan Jaguar:
For more interesting facts about the Jaguar, please visit mo post at the following link:Jaguar: Wildlife of Nicaragua, Mexico, Central and South America.
Waraira Repano National Park (or "El Avila National Park):
The Waraira Repano National Park protects part of the Cordillera de la Costa Central mountain range in the coastal region of Central-northern Venezuela. It was declared a Park in 1958.
El Avila National Park is located along the central section of the Cordillera de la Costa mountain system, in the Cordillera mountain ranges. The area's highest elevation is "Pico Naiguata" at 2,765 metres ( or 9,072 feet) above sea-level.
El Waraira Repano is known as "el pulmon de la ciudad", the lungs of the city, as it serves many different functions, the most basic of which is navigation - the peak of El Avila marks the North of the city. It is home to the longest cable car ride in the world and activities like running, biking, rock climbing, camping etc.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and " 50 Cincuenta Bolivars")
Grand Marshal of Ayachcho - Antonio Jose de Sucre:
He was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the fourth President of Peru and the second President of Bolivia. He joined the fight for South American independence from Spain in 1814. He led the Patriot armies to many decisive victories against the Spanish occupation which led to the independence of several Spanish ruled territories. He was one of Simon Bolivar's closest friends, generals and statesmen.
The city of Sucre, Bolivia's capital is named after him, as is a state in Venezuela and a department in Columbia. Both the old and new airports of Ecuador's ca[ital. Quito are also named after him.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "50 Cincuenta Bolivars").
Cunaguaro (Leopardus tigirnus):
The oncilla also known as the Northern tiger cat, little spotted cat or tigrillo is a small spotted cat ranging from Central America to Central Brazil. It is listed as "Vulnerable" in the International Union For conservation of Nature (IUCN)'s Red List, because its population os threatened by deforestation and conversion of habitat to agricultural land.
Peninsula de Paria National Park:
The Peninsula de Paria National Park or Peninsula of Paria National Park is a national park on Paria Peninsula in Venezuela.
The Park is located between the Gulf of Paria and the Caribbean Sea in Eastern Sucre state, within the districts of Arismendi, Marino and Valdez. It was declared as a Park on 07.03.1979.
The Park was established to protect the unique peninsula section of the Venezuelan Coastal Range, whose flora and fauna are characteristic of the Venezuelan Guiana.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name " Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and "100 Cien Bolivares" ("100 Bolivar Soberanos").
General Ezequiel Zamora (01.02.1817-10.01.1860):
He was a Venezuelan soldier and leader of the Federalists in the Federal War ("Guerra Federal") of 1859-1863. His life was marked by romanticism that characterised liberals of the time.
He is considered to be the most important popular leader of 19th Century Venezuela and his remains rest in the National Pantheon in Caracas.
In 2001, a new land reform programme under President Hugo Chavez - "Mission Zamora" was named after him.
On the Back of the 100 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen the Brown Spider Monkey and the Guatopo National Park.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "100 Cien Bolivares".
Brown Spider Monkey (Ateles hybridus):
The brown spider monkey or the variegated spider monkey is a critically endangered species of spider monkey, a type of New World monkey found in the forests of Northern Colombia and Northwestern Venezuela.
It has very long, spindly limbs and a lengthy prehensile tail which can almost be called a fifth limb. The brown spider monkey has a whitish belly and patch on the forehead and its eyes can be a pale blue.
Guatopo National Park:
The Guatopo National Park (or "Parque nacional Guatopo") is a protected area with the status of a National Park located between the states of Miranda and Guárico, bordered on the North by the Cordillera de la Costa and the Barlovento Plain on the South by the Piedemonte Llanero, on the East it borders on the continuation of the Serrania del interior and on the West with the valleys of Tuy.
It as declared a national park in 1958 by appropriating private lands.
On the Front of the 200 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is depicted an image of Francisco de Miranda, who was a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary.
Also mentioned on top of this face is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and "200 Doscientos Bolivares" (200 Bolivar Soberanos).
On the Back of the 200 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is seen the Military Macaw (Ara militaris) with the Wariara Repano National Park in the background.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on the centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "200 Doscientos Bolivares".
Military Macaw (Ara militaris):
The military macaw is a large parrot and a medium-sized macaw. Though considerable vulnerable as a wild species, it is still commonly found in the pettrade industry. Its range is in the forests of Mexico and South America and they inhabit arid woodlands and sub-tropical forests. It gets its name from its predominantly green plumage resembling a military parade uniform.
Military macaws live in large flocks and can live upto 50-60 years in the wild.
Its population has decreased over the past five decades and there are no more than 10,000 individuals alive globally - present day. The decrease is mostly due to deforestation, loss of habitat and capturing the birds for pet trade. Military Macaws are listed a "Vulnerable" in the IUCN's Red list category.
On the Front of the 500 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote is depicted an image of Simon Bolivar 24.07.1783-17.12.1830), regarded as the liberator of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama from Spanish Rule.
Simon Bolivar evokes sentiments of nationalism and patriotism and his image is an important part of the national identities of the countries he liberated.
The nations of Bolivia and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and their respective currencies - the "Bolivian Boliviano" and the "Venezuelan Bolivar" are all named after him. Many cities, towns, museums statues in many countries of the world , including in Spain, USA, Algiers, Ankara Bucharest, London, Minsk, New Delhi, Ottawa, Paris Prague, Sofia, Teheran, Vienna, Washington etc. have been named after him or in his memory.
His legend has been the subject of much popular literary works as well.
Also mentioned on top of this face of the Banknote is the country name "Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela" and "500 Quinientos Bolivares" (500 Bolivar Soberanos).
On the Back of the 500 Bolivar Soberanos Banknote shows the Venezuelan Troupial (Icterus icterus) with the Macarao National Park in the background.
The name of the Central Bank "Banco Central de Venezuela" appears on the centre top. At bottom right is the denomination of the Banknote "500 Quinientos Bolivares".
The Venezuelan Troupial (Iceterus icterus):
The Venezuelan Troupial is the National Bird of Venezuela and one of about 25 species of New World Orioles.
It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, and the Caribbean Islands of Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire and Puerto Rico.
Venezuelan Troupials inhabit dry areas like wood-lands, gallery forests, dry scrub, plains and open Savanna, where they forage for insects, a wide variety of fruits, small birds and eggs.
They breed from March to September. They do not make their own nests, but are instead obligate nest pirates and can even drive away adults from an active nests. Upon taking over a nest, they may eat any eggs or young nestlings remaining in the newly acquired nest and will fiercely defend the area against any attackers.
Macarao National Park:
The Macarao National Park is a protected area with the status of a National Park since 1973.
It is located in the Macarao, San Pedro and Jarillo rivers, in the North of Venezuela. Its extension of 15,000 hectares covers part of the Capital District and Miranda State.
It constitutes a zone of protection of hydrographic resources that contributes to satisfy the drinking water needs of the city of Caracas.
It is characterised by a mountainous relief that forms part of the Cordillera de la Costa, the highest point of which is the Alto de No Leon.
Links to some other interesting posts from South American Countries and Mexico:
The Macarao National Park is a protected area with the status of a National Park since 1973.
It is located in the Macarao, San Pedro and Jarillo rivers, in the North of Venezuela. Its extension of 15,000 hectares covers part of the Capital District and Miranda State.
It constitutes a zone of protection of hydrographic resources that contributes to satisfy the drinking water needs of the city of Caracas.
It is characterised by a mountainous relief that forms part of the Cordillera de la Costa, the highest point of which is the Alto de No Leon.
Links to some other interesting posts from South American Countries and Mexico:
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