907) i) A 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ii) Other Banknotes from the 4th Series of Banknote issues from the Central Bank of Jordan:
About the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan:
It is an Arab kingdom in the Middle East on the East Bank of the Jordan River, bordered by Saudi Arabia to the South and East, Iraq to the North-east, Syria to the North and Israel and Palestine to the West.
The Jordanian Dinar, subdivided into 10 Dirham, 100 Qirsh (or "Paistres") or 1000 Fulus is the official currency of Jordan.
Brief History of "Transjordan" and the present day "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan":
In Antiquity, Jordan was a home to several Semitic Canaanite-speaking ancient kingdoms, including the kingdom of Edom, the kingdom of Moab, the kingdom of Ammon and the kingdom of Israel.
During different periods these territories were controlled by several powerful empires including the Akkadian Empire (2335-2193 BC), Ancient Egypt (15th to 13th Centuries BC), Hittite Empire (14th and 13th Centuries BC), the Neo-Babylonian Empire (604 to 539 BC), the Achaemenid Empire (529 to 332 BC) and at different times by the Israelites.
Then again, these territories referred to under the collective name of "Transjordan" came to be controlled by the Persians, Macedonian Greeks during the time of Alexander the Great, the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, the Parthians, the Nabatean kingdom.
In 106 AD, these territories were controlled by the Roman Empire.
With the decline of the Eastern Roman "Byzantine" Empire, Transjordan was controlled by the Christian Glassanid Arab Kingdom.
Successive Caliphates including the Rashidun Empire, Umayyad Empire and Abbasid Empire took control of these territories at different times. Later the Mongols, the Crusaders, the Ayyubids and the Mamluks took control of Transjordan.
From 1516-1918, Transjordan became a part of the Ottoman Empire.
In 1918, the Hashemite Army engineered the Great Arab Revolt, which overthrew the Ottoman Empire from these territories and secured most of present day Jordan with the help and support of Transjordanian local tribesmen.
In 1922, after World War I divisions of West Asia by Britain and France, the Emirate of Transjordan was established and was officially recognised by the Council of the League of Nations.
On 25.05.1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state and was officially known as the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan".
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Abdullah I captured the West Bank and took the title of "King of Jordan".
On 01.12.1948, the name of the country was changed to "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan".
Although Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch holds wide executive and legislative powers.
The evolution of Banknotes in Jordan:
From 1927 to 1950, the Palestinian Currency Board issued the Palestine Pound as the official currency in both Palestine and the Trans-Jordan Emirate.
On 25.05.1946, Jordan became an independent Kingdom and the Jordanian Currency Board took over as the sole Jordanian currency issuing authority in the Kingdom.
In 1949, Banknotes were issued by the government in denominations of 500 fils, 1,5,10 and 50 Dinars.
From 01.07.1950, the Jordanian Dinar became the Kingdom's official currency and the Palestinian Pound ceased to be the official currency. The Banknotes bear the name of "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"
From 1959, the Central Bank of Jordan took over the issue & circulation of Banknotes.
In 1977, 20 Dinar Banknotes were circulated.
In 1999, 50 Dinar Banknotes were introduced into circulation.
The present series of Banknotes in circulation - "The Fourth Series of the Central Bank of Jordan issues":
The Front of the 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote shows a portrait of King Abdullah II bin al-Hussein at right.
King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (born 30.01.1962):
He has been the King of Jordan since 1999. He belongs to the Hashemite family (also known as the "House of Hashim") who have ruled Jordan since 1921.
He is popular for maintaining Jordanian stability and for promoting inter-faith dialogue and a moderate understanding of Islam. He was regarded by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre as the most influential Muslim in the world.
He is also the custodian of the Muslim and Christian sacred sites in Jerusalem - a position held by his Dynasty since 1924.
The Hashemites claim agnastic descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. The ruling Royal Family of Jordan belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the Hasanid Sharifs of Mecca - also referred to as the Hashemites - who ruled Mecca continuously from the 10th Century until its conquest by the House of Saud in 1924. Their eponymous ancestor is Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, great grandfather of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
The House of Hashim was also the ruling family of Syria (1920), Hejaz (1916-1925) and Iraq (1921-1958).
The present Dynasty was founded by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, who was appointed as Sharif and Emir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul Hamid II (in 1908). He was proclaimed King of the Arab Lands after initiating the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
His sons Abdullah and Faisal became the thrones of Jordan and Iraq in 1921 respectively.
The Back of the 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote depicts the Raghadan Palace.
The Raghadan Palace:
This palace is a crown palace located in the Royal Court compound of Al-Maquar in Amman, Jordan.
It was constructed in 1926, in a traditional Islamic style, with coloured glass windows modelled on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
Raghadan Palace is used for hosting meetings with visiting heads of states and for other ceremonial events, including the presentation and acceptance of new ambassador's diplomatic credentials.
The palace is guarded by a ceremonial unit of Circassian guards. (The Circassians are a Northwest nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th Century, especially after the Russo-Circassian War in 1864).
The palace was built at a cost of 1,600 Pounds initially, underwent renovations in the late 1980s following a fire in 1983.
The present King does not live in Raghadan palace.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are - 149 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colours are pink and brown.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Abdullah II bin al-Hussein.
This Banknote was first issued on 02.02.2003.
On the Front of the 20 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen a picture of Hussein bin Talal. He reigned as King of Jordan from 11.08.1952-07.02.1999.
About the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan:
It is an Arab kingdom in the Middle East on the East Bank of the Jordan River, bordered by Saudi Arabia to the South and East, Iraq to the North-east, Syria to the North and Israel and Palestine to the West.
The Jordanian Dinar, subdivided into 10 Dirham, 100 Qirsh (or "Paistres") or 1000 Fulus is the official currency of Jordan.
Brief History of "Transjordan" and the present day "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan":
In Antiquity, Jordan was a home to several Semitic Canaanite-speaking ancient kingdoms, including the kingdom of Edom, the kingdom of Moab, the kingdom of Ammon and the kingdom of Israel.
During different periods these territories were controlled by several powerful empires including the Akkadian Empire (2335-2193 BC), Ancient Egypt (15th to 13th Centuries BC), Hittite Empire (14th and 13th Centuries BC), the Neo-Babylonian Empire (604 to 539 BC), the Achaemenid Empire (529 to 332 BC) and at different times by the Israelites.
Then again, these territories referred to under the collective name of "Transjordan" came to be controlled by the Persians, Macedonian Greeks during the time of Alexander the Great, the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, the Parthians, the Nabatean kingdom.
In 106 AD, these territories were controlled by the Roman Empire.
With the decline of the Eastern Roman "Byzantine" Empire, Transjordan was controlled by the Christian Glassanid Arab Kingdom.
Successive Caliphates including the Rashidun Empire, Umayyad Empire and Abbasid Empire took control of these territories at different times. Later the Mongols, the Crusaders, the Ayyubids and the Mamluks took control of Transjordan.
From 1516-1918, Transjordan became a part of the Ottoman Empire.
In 1918, the Hashemite Army engineered the Great Arab Revolt, which overthrew the Ottoman Empire from these territories and secured most of present day Jordan with the help and support of Transjordanian local tribesmen.
In 1922, after World War I divisions of West Asia by Britain and France, the Emirate of Transjordan was established and was officially recognised by the Council of the League of Nations.
On 25.05.1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state and was officially known as the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan".
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Abdullah I captured the West Bank and took the title of "King of Jordan".
On 01.12.1948, the name of the country was changed to "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan".
Although Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, the monarch holds wide executive and legislative powers.
The evolution of Banknotes in Jordan:
From 1927 to 1950, the Palestinian Currency Board issued the Palestine Pound as the official currency in both Palestine and the Trans-Jordan Emirate.
On 25.05.1946, Jordan became an independent Kingdom and the Jordanian Currency Board took over as the sole Jordanian currency issuing authority in the Kingdom.
In 1949, Banknotes were issued by the government in denominations of 500 fils, 1,5,10 and 50 Dinars.
From 01.07.1950, the Jordanian Dinar became the Kingdom's official currency and the Palestinian Pound ceased to be the official currency. The Banknotes bear the name of "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"
From 1959, the Central Bank of Jordan took over the issue & circulation of Banknotes.
In 1977, 20 Dinar Banknotes were circulated.
In 1999, 50 Dinar Banknotes were introduced into circulation.
The present series of Banknotes in circulation - "The Fourth Series of the Central Bank of Jordan issues":
King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (born 30.01.1962):
He has been the King of Jordan since 1999. He belongs to the Hashemite family (also known as the "House of Hashim") who have ruled Jordan since 1921.
He is popular for maintaining Jordanian stability and for promoting inter-faith dialogue and a moderate understanding of Islam. He was regarded by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre as the most influential Muslim in the world.
He is also the custodian of the Muslim and Christian sacred sites in Jerusalem - a position held by his Dynasty since 1924.
The Hashemites claim agnastic descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. The ruling Royal Family of Jordan belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the Hasanid Sharifs of Mecca - also referred to as the Hashemites - who ruled Mecca continuously from the 10th Century until its conquest by the House of Saud in 1924. Their eponymous ancestor is Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, great grandfather of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
The House of Hashim was also the ruling family of Syria (1920), Hejaz (1916-1925) and Iraq (1921-1958).
The present Dynasty was founded by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, who was appointed as Sharif and Emir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul Hamid II (in 1908). He was proclaimed King of the Arab Lands after initiating the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
His sons Abdullah and Faisal became the thrones of Jordan and Iraq in 1921 respectively.
The Raghadan Palace:
This palace is a crown palace located in the Royal Court compound of Al-Maquar in Amman, Jordan.
It was constructed in 1926, in a traditional Islamic style, with coloured glass windows modelled on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
Raghadan Palace is used for hosting meetings with visiting heads of states and for other ceremonial events, including the presentation and acceptance of new ambassador's diplomatic credentials.
The palace is guarded by a ceremonial unit of Circassian guards. (The Circassians are a Northwest nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th Century, especially after the Russo-Circassian War in 1864).
The palace was built at a cost of 1,600 Pounds initially, underwent renovations in the late 1980s following a fire in 1983.
The present King does not live in Raghadan palace.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are - 149 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colours are pink and brown.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Abdullah II bin al-Hussein.
This Banknote was first issued on 02.02.2003.
He was a 40th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemite family which had ruled Jordan from 1921 onwards.
After Talal became King of Jordan in 1951, Hussein was named heir apparent. The Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age.
Hussein began his rule with what was called a "liberal experiment", in which he brought in the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jordan's history in 1956. This experiment proved to be a failure and the government was dissolved and martial law imposed. All political parties were banned.
Hussein led his country through four turbulent decades of Arab-Israel conflict and the Cold- War, successfully balancing pressures from Arab Nationalists, the Soviet Union, Western countries and Israel - transforming Jordan into a stable modern country. He acted as a conciliatory intermediary between various Middle-eastern rivals and was regarded as the region's "peace-maker". He even pardoned political dissidents and opponents and gave them senior positions in the government.
When he passed away in 1999, his funeral was attended by one of the largest gatherings of world leaders ever seen.
On the Back of the 20 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen the Dome of the Rock.
This is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.
Initially built in 691 AD on the orders of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the "Second Fitna" (period of political and military disorder that afflicted the Islamic empire during the early Umayyad dynasty, following the death of the first Umayyad Caliph Muawiyah I). It was built on the site of the Second Jewish Temple which was destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD).
Initially built in 691 AD on the orders of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the "Second Fitna" (period of political and military disorder that afflicted the Islamic empire during the early Umayyad dynasty, following the death of the first Umayyad Caliph Muawiyah I). It was built on the site of the Second Jewish Temple which was destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD).
The original dome collapsed in 1015 AD and was rebuilt in 1022-23 AD. The Dome of the Rock has in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture. The architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces.
During the Ottoman period , its outside appearance was changed (1959-61) and again in 1993.
During the Ottoman period , its outside appearance was changed (1959-61) and again in 1993.
The Foundation stone of the Jewish Temple bears great significance to Judaism as the place where God created the world and the first human Adam. It is also believed to be the site where Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son and the place where God's divine presence is manifested more than anywhere else, towards which Jews turn during prayer.
The site's great significance to Muslims derives from traditions connecting it to the creation of the world and the belief that Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey to heaven started from the rock at the centre of the structure.
The site's great significance to Muslims derives from traditions connecting it to the creation of the world and the belief that Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey to heaven started from the rock at the centre of the structure.
This site has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site and has been called "Jerusalem's most recognisable landmark" along with the "Resurrection Rotunda" in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Western Wall.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 145 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Cyan.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Hussein bin Talal.
This Banknote was first issued on 02.02.2003.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 145 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Cyan.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Hussein bin Talal.
This Banknote was first issued on 02.02.2003.
On the Front of the 10 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen a picture of Talal bin Abdullah, Monarch of Jordan from 20.07.1951-11.08.1952.
He became King of Jordan after the assassination of his father - King Abdullah I on 20.07.1951. He was forced to abdicate on 11.08.1952, owing to a mental illness.
He was a 39th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemite family who ruled Jordan from 1921 onwards.
His most important achievement as King was the establishment of Jordan's modern constitution in 1952.
He became King of Jordan after the assassination of his father - King Abdullah I on 20.07.1951. He was forced to abdicate on 11.08.1952, owing to a mental illness.
He was a 39th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemite family who ruled Jordan from 1921 onwards.
His most important achievement as King was the establishment of Jordan's modern constitution in 1952.
On the Back of the 10 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen the first Jordanian Parliament Building.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 141 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Blue.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Talal bin Abdullah.
This Banknote was first printed on 22.12.2002.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 141 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Blue.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Talal bin Abdullah.
This Banknote was first printed on 22.12.2002.
On the Front of the 5 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein, the ruler of Jordan and its predecessor state - Transjordan from 1921 until his assassination in 1951.
He was the Emir of Transjordan from 21.04.1921 to 25.05.1946 and King of Jordan thereafter until his assassination while attending Friday prayers by a Palestinian who feared that the King was negotiating peace with Israel.
He was a 38th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemat the entrance of the Al-Aqsa mosque by a Palesite family.
He participated in the Ottoman legislature as deputy for Mecca, but allied with the British during World War I.
Between 1916 and 1918, he played an important role as architect of the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule that was led by his father Sharif Hussein. Abdullah personally lead guerilla raids on Turkish garrisons.
He was the Emir of Transjordan from 21.04.1921 to 25.05.1946 and King of Jordan thereafter until his assassination while attending Friday prayers by a Palestinian who feared that the King was negotiating peace with Israel.
He was a 38th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemat the entrance of the Al-Aqsa mosque by a Palesite family.
He participated in the Ottoman legislature as deputy for Mecca, but allied with the British during World War I.
Between 1916 and 1918, he played an important role as architect of the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule that was led by his father Sharif Hussein. Abdullah personally lead guerilla raids on Turkish garrisons.
On the Back of the 5 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is depicted Ma'an palace.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 137 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Brick orange.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Abdullah I bin al-Hussein.
This Banknote was first issued on 22.12.2002.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 137 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colour is Brick orange.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Abdullah I bin al-Hussein.
This Banknote was first issued on 22.12.2002.
On the Front of the 1 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is seen an image of Sharif Hussein bin Ali.
He was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and after the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks - King of the Hejaz (1916-1924). He was a 37th generation direct descendant of Prophet Muhammad and belonged to the Hashemite family. Towards the end of his reign, he was also holding the office of the Caliph.
The Dimensions of this Banknote are 133 mm x 74 mm and its predominant colours are Lime and Green.
The watermark on this Banknote is of Sharif Hussein bin Ali.
This Banknote was first issued on 30.03.2003.
(The 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote is from the collection of Jayant Biswas. Post researched & written by Rajeev Prasad)
Some other interesting links to posts on this blog on Currencies of the Middle-East:
4) Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918-2004): Celebrating his Birth Centenary by issue of a Commemorative Banknote of 100 Dirham by the Central Bank of the United arab Emirates on 28.11.2018
5) i) A 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ii) Other Banknotes from the 4th Series of Banknote issues from the Central Bank of Jordan
5) i) A 50 Jordanian Dinar Banknote from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ii) Other Banknotes from the 4th Series of Banknote issues from the Central Bank of Jordan
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