3385) Kazakhstan, (or the Republic of Kazakhstan): A 5,000 Tenge Banknote issued by the Central Bank of Kazakhstan on 22.12.2023:
Kazakhstan, (or the Republic of Kazakhstan), is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.
It borders Russia to the North and West, China to the East, Kyrgyzstan to the Southeast, Uzbekistan to the South, and Turkmenistan to the Southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea.
Its capital is Astana, while the largest city and leading cultural and commercial hub is Almaty.
Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest country by land area and the largest landlocked country.
It has a population of 20 million and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre (16 people/sq mi).
Ethnic Kazakhs constitute a majority, while ethnic Russians form a significant minority. Officially secular, Kazakhstan is a Muslim-majority country with a sizeable Christian community.
Kazakhstan has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era:
In antiquity, various nomadic Iranian peoples such as the Saka, Massagetae, and Scythians dominated the territory, with the Achaemenid Persian Empire expanding towards the southern region.
Turkic nomads entered the region from as early as the sixth century.
In the 13th century, the area was under the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan.
Following the disintegration of the Golden Horde in the 15th century, the Kazakh Khanate was established over an area roughly corresponding with modern Kazakhstan.
By the 18th century, the Kazakh Khanate had fragmented into three jüz (tribal divisions), which were gradually absorbed and conquered by the Russian Empire; by the mid-19th century, all of Kazakhstan was nominally under Russian rule.
Following the 1917 Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War, the territory was reorganized several times.
In 1936, its modern borders were established with the formation of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan was the last constituent republic of the Soviet Union to declare independence in 1991 during its dissolution.
Kazakhstan is a member state of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Commonwealth of Independent States, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Union, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Organization of Turkic States, and International Organization of Turkic Culture.
Recent History:
After the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, most of the formerly Soviet republics attempted to maintain a common currency.
The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements.
The Central Bank of Russia took over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992.
It continued to ship Soviet notes and coins to the central banks of the eleven newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics.
The political situation, however, was not favourable for maintaining a common currency.
Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge of implementing these targets, and some minimum of common legislation.
A Monetary Union dyring the first half of 1992:
During the first half of 1992, there existed a monetary union where all 15 independent states used the ruble.
Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them was using its position as "free-riders" to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit.
As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to "protect" their markets from buyers from other states.
The Russian central bank responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions to the flow of credit between Russia and other states.
The final collapse of the ruble zone began when Russia pulled out with the exchange of banknotes by the Central Bank of Russia on Russian territory at the end of July 1993.
As a result, Kazakhstan and other countries still in the ruble zone were "pushed out".
On 12.11.1993, the President of Kazakhstan issued a decree "On introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan".
The Tenge was introduced on 15.11.1993 to replace Soviet currency at a rate of ₸ 1 = Rbls 500:
In 1991 a "special group" of designers was set up: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov.
Thus 15th November is celebrated as the "Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan".
In 1995 a Tenge-printing factory opened in Kazakhstan.
The first consignment of tenge banknotes were printed in the United Kingdom and the first coins were struck in Germany.
In February 2019, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed a bill into law that will remove all Russian captions from future tenge banknotes and coins.
The 5000 Tenge Banknote issued on 12/2023:
The Front of the 5,000 Tenge Banknote issued in 2023 features are:
– branch of the “Tree of Life” with a soaring bird (Issyk Mound, 5-4 centuries BC, detail of the headdress of the Golden Man, the sacred meaning of the connection between nature and belief);
– a DNA spiral and an infinity symbol stylised as an ornament (the connection between man and nature in the endless flow of time).
– artifact - decoration in the form of a figure of a golden eagle (Mound of Taldy II, 7-6 centuries BC; golden eagle as a symbol of boundless freedom, strength and dexterity).
The Back of the 5,000 Tenge Banknote issued in 2023 features:
– an image of the Golden Eagle, which lives in Kazakhstan, against the background of a stylised shield;
– behind the main image there is a circular Kazakh ornament, which has absorbed several ideas at once:
“Shield” - symbolises the protection of values,
ancient symbol - four cardinal directions,
the solar sign in the center is a symbol of creative energy, a symbol of life.
– artifact - a figure of a golden eagle with outstretched wings (Berel mounds “Valley of the Kings”, 8-7 centuries BC, East Kazakhstan region, element of decoration, symbol of freedom and harmony).
– in the center of the banknote, as a background, there is an outline of the Kazakh “infinity” ornament, inside of which there is a landscape view of the Charyn Canyon.
A Brief:
5000 Tenge
5000 TENGE BANKNOTE OF 2023
Date of issue: 25.12.2023
Size: 140.00 mm х70.00 mm
Predominant colour: red-orange
(The above Banknote is from the collection of Jayant Biswas)
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