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Wednesday 18 December 2019

1174) The Penny Black Stamp (UK), Gibraltar: 180th Anniversary milestone celebrated with the issue of unique "Pearl Black" finish 50 Pence coins in Gold, Silver and Cupro-Nickel minted by the Pobjoy Mint on behalf of the Treasury of Gibraltar a British Overseas Territiory (BOT): Coin issue date: 03.12.2019:

1174) The Penny Black Stamp (UK), Gibraltar: 180th Anniversary milestone celebrated with the issue of unique "Pearl Black" finish 50 Pence coins in Gold, Silver and Cupro-Nickel minted by the Pobjoy Mint on behalf of the Treasury of Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territiory (BOT): Coin issue date: 03.12.2019:


The Treasury of Gibraltar has issued on 03.12.2019, new Gold and Silver Collector Coins which celebrate the world's first-ever postage stamp the Penny Black.


This Information pamphlet is titled - "WORLD'S FIRST "PEARL BLACK" 50 PENCE COIN" and "HISTORY IN THE MAKING". It gives further description of the coin theme as follows:

"UNIQUE "PEARL BLACK" PROOF FINISH: The Penny Black was the World's first adhesive postage stamp used in public postage system. This iconic and world renowned stamp was first issued on the 1st of May in 1840.

To celebrate its 180th Anniversary, Pobjoy Mint has released the world's first blackened 50 pence coin to mark the special occasion".


The Reverse of a 50 Pence "Penny Black" Coin placed against a background enlarged image of the Reverse face

A brief about the Penny Black Stamp:


The Penny Black is remembered as the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in public postal system. It was first issued in the United Kingdom on 01.05.1840, but was not valid for use until 5 days after its issue. The stamp featured a profile of Queen Victoria.

The evolutionary concept:


In 1837, British postal rates were exorbitant, complex and anomalous. To simplify matters, Rowland Hill (1795-1879), a prominent social  reformer, proposed an adhesive stamp to indicate pre-payment of postage. At that time, it was normal for the recipient to pay postage on delivery, charged by the sheet and on distance travelled. By contrast, the Penny Black revolutionised the postal system and allowed letters of up to 1/2 ounce (14 grams) to be delivered at a flat rate of one penny, regardless of the distance.

For his concept, Hill was given a two-year contract to manage the new system and along with Henry Cole (1808-1882), an experienced civil servant, he announced a competition to design the new stamp. Out of more than 2,600 entries received, none was considered suitable and instead a rough design endorsed by Hill was chosen. The design featured an easily recognisable profile of the former Princess Victoria, who became Queen that year and which Hill believed would be difficult to forge.

The specifications:

Initially, Hill specified that these new stamps should be a 3/4 inch square, but altered the dimensions to 3/4 inch wide x 7/8 inch tall to accommodate inscriptions at the top bottom. The word "POSTAGE" at the top of the design distinguishes it from a revenue stamp, which had long been used in the UK, and the stamp's value of "ONE PENNY", its pre-paid cost, is placed at the bottom. Aside from the profile of the young Queen, a background of finely engraved geometric patterns was also added to dissuade  counterfeiting.

The two upper corners of the overall design included two Maltese crosses with radiant solar discs at their centres, and in the lower corners, letters show the position of the stamp in the printed sheet, from AA at top left to TL at the right bottom.

The Print runs:

The sheets were printed by the firm Perkins Bacon and consisted of 240 stamps in 20 rows of 12 columns. One full sheet cost 240 pence (or one pound) with one row of 12 stamps costing one shilling. As the name suggests, the stamp was printed in black ink and at the tie, were not perforated, and the user was required to cut them carefully with scissors.

The total print run was 286,700 sheets, containing a total of 68,808,000 stamps. Many were saved, and in used condition they remain readily available to stamp collectors. The only known complete sheets of the Penny Black are in the possession of the British Postal Museum.

The Victoria profile:

The profile of Victoria was engraved by Charles Heath and his son Frederick, based on a sketch provided by Henry Corbould. Corbould's sketch was in turn based on the 1834 cameo-like head by William Wyon, which was used on a medal to commemorate the Queen's visit to the City of London in 1837. This portrait of Victoria remained on British stamps until her death in 1901, although by then she was 81 years old.

British stamps present day:

All British stamps still bear a portrait of the monarch somewhere on the design. The first stamps did not show the issuing country's name on them. The UK remains the only country to omit its name on postage stamps - the reigning monarch's image signifies the UK as the country of origin.

The initial confusion in usage:

Although the stamps were not officially issued for sale until 06.05.1840, some offices, like Bath, sold the stamps unofficially before that date. As such, some covers are postmarked "02.05.1840" and in a single case the date "01.05.1840" has been stamped. All London Post Offices received official supplies of the new stamps, but other offices throughout the United Kingdom received them at much later dates, therefore, they continued using the old system of accepting payments for postage in cash at the delivery destination till the Penny Black Stamp  system was put in place at these post offices.

A short-lived tenure, due to unscrupulous elements & operational difficulties:

The Penny Black lasted for less than a year. A red cancellation was hard to see on the black design and the red ink was easy to remove - which made it possible to re-use cancelled stamps.

In 02/1841, as a corrective measure, the Treasury switched to "Penny Red" and began using black ink for cancellations, which was more effective and harder to remove. Nevertheless, unscrupulous elements still reused stamps by combining the uncancelled parts of two stamps to form an unused whole, therefore, in 1864, as a further safeguard, the top corner stars on the "Penny Red" were replaced by the lower corner check letters in reverse order

A "two-penny" stamp printed in blue-colour and covering the double-letter rate of up to one ounce was also issued on 08.05.1840, which proved to be more successful.

The Commemorative Coins:


The 50 Pence "Penny Black" Commemorative Coin placed against a background image of cancelled postage stamps, together with a magnifying glass

The new seven-sided 50-pence Commemorative Coins, minted by Pobjoy Mint, UK at their facilities in Surrey on behalf of the Treasury of Gibraltar have three variants - Cupro-nickel, Sterling Silver and 22-carat Gold in Proof quality.


      The Reverse of the Gold 50 Pence commemorative Coin


The Reverse of the Silver 50 Pence Commemorative Coin



The Reverse of the Cupro-Nickel 50 Pence Commemorative Coin


The Reverse designs on all the variants of the 50 Pence Coins are identical and depict an intricately detailed replica of the original "Penny Black" stamp, which is placed in the centre of the design. 

A commemorative inscription, which is incused on a wide rim, surrounds the design and reads -"PENNY BLACK 180TH ANNIVERSARY" (on the outer periphery) and gives the denomination of the coin - "50 PENCE" (on the bottom periphery).


The Obverse of the Gold 50 Pence Commemorative Coin



The Obverse of the 50 Pence Silver Commemorative Coin

The Obverse of the 50 Pence Cupro-Nickel Commemorative Coin

The Obverse design on all the variants of the 50 Pence Coins carries an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II, which is an exclusive design of the Pobjoy Mint. The initials "PM" can be seen below the Queen's neck.

The peripheral inscriptions are - ELIZABETH II. D.G. REGINA. GIBRALTAR. 2020." 

As an additional feature to all the variants, each coin has a lustrous "Pearl Black" finish, which is a special innovative technique adopted by the Pobjoy Mint to create a beautiful effect complemented by the incused rim and for the first time being applied to the 50 Pence denomination.

The specifications of the Gold variants are:

A) Denomination: 50 Pence; Metal Composition: .9167 Fineness Gold (Au); Weight: 8.0 grams; Diameter/Size: 27.3 mm; Coin Quality: Proof; Mintage: 299 pieces; Year of issue: 2019 (with year of issue engraved as 2020); Mint: Pobjoy Mint, UK.

B) Denomination: 50 Pence; Metal Composition: .9167 Fineness Gold (Au); Weight: 16.0 grams; Diameter/Size: 27.3 mm; Coin Quality: Proof; Mintage: 99 pieces; Year of issue: 2019 (with year of issue engraved as 2020); Mint: Pobjoy Mint, UK.

The specifications of the Silver variants are:

A) Denomination: 50 Pence; Metal Composition: .925 Fineness Silver (Ag); Weight: 8.0 grams; Diameter/Size: 27.3 mm; Coin Quality: Proof; Mintage: 4,500 pieces; Year of issue: 2019 (with year of issue engraved as 2020); Mint: Pobjoy Mint, UK.

B) Denomination: 50 Pence; Metal Composition: .925 Fineness Silver (Ag); Weight: 16.0 grams; Diameter/Size: 27.3 mm; Coin Qualiy: Proof; Mintage: 1,500 pieces; Year of issue: 2019 (with Year of issue engraved as 2020); Mint: Pobjoy Mint, UK.

The precious metal coins are individually encapsulated and presented in a beautiful red case with a Certificate of Authenticity (COA).


The Red Case, together with a Certificate of Authenticity (COA)

The specifications of the Cupro-nickel variant are:

Denomination: 50 Pence; Metal Composition: Cupro-nickel; Weight: 8.0 grams; Diameter/Size: 27.3 mm; Coin Quality: Proof; Mintage: 7.500 pieces; Year of issue: 2019 (with Year of issue engraved as 2020); Mint: Pobjoy Mint, UK.

The Cupro-nickel Diamond finish coins are presented in a special Anniversary Pack.

In 1990, for the 150th Anniversary of the Penny Black, the Pobjoy Mint had created a crown coin for the Isle of Man. These crown coins are remembered as having been the most innovative coin of its time as the "Pearl Black" finish was first applied to a coin.

This coin had won no less than three Coin of the Year categories, including the Coin of the Year (COTY), Best Crown and Most Innovative Coin.









Links to some other interesting posts from the British Isles and British Overseas Territories/Dependencies:
Central Bank of Ireland issues:


1) Jonathan Swift: 350th Birth Anniversary 15 Euro Silver Proof coin features his most famous work "Gulliver's Travels" : Coin issued on 30.11.2017

2) Ireland: Women's right to Vote - 100th Year Anniversary : A Silver 15 Euro Proof Collector Coin issued by the Central Bank of Ireland on 27.11.2018

3) Irish Myths & Legends: 1) The Children of Lir;2) Cu Chulain; 3) The Omniscient Salmon of Knowledge; 4) Werewolves of Ossory; 5) The Brown Bull of Cooley and Deirdre of the Sorrows: An Annual Mint Set from the Central Bank of Ireland, recreates/celebrates Irish Folk Tales (Issue date: 30.04.2018)

4) Centenary of the "First Trans-Atlantic Aviation", Ireland: A 15 Euro Silver Proof Coin issued by the central Bank of Ireland and minted by the Royal Dutch Mint: Coin issue date: 10.07.2019

Northern Ireland Bank issues:

1) Northern Ireland Polymer Bank Issues: Danske Bank (10 Pounds Polymer Banknotes), Bank of Ireland (5 & 10 Pound Polymer Banknotes) to go into circulation in 2020/21





Inspirations from Scottish History (Clydesdale Bank Banknotes): 

1) The Legend of King Bruce & the Spider on Banknotes
  
2) Commemorating Sir William Arrol and his creation the Forth Rail Bridge by issues of Britain's first ever 5 Pound Polymer Banknote

Banknotes from Royal Bank of Scotland:



British Crown Dependencies:

1) Specimen Banknotes from the States of Jersey

2) Coinage and Currency from the States of Jersey

3) Currency & Coinage of the Bailiwick of Guernsey

4) Currency & Coinage of Gibraltar : An Overseas Territory of Great Britain

5) Coinage of Gibraltar: (A British Overseas Territory): An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by the Tower Mint, UK in 2010
  
6) The Isle of Man: An Uncirculated Decimal Coin Collection Set minted by Pobjoy Mint, UK in 2015

7) The Centenary of the ill-fated Titanic (15.04.1912 - 15.04.2012): An Alderney Five Pound Coin Commemorating the Maritime Legend

8) "Man of Steel": A Superman Movie: A set of stamps brought out in 2013 by Jersey post, the States of Jersey, commemorating Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill who played Superman in the Movie

9) Coins & Currency of Bermuda

10) The Bailiwick of Jersey - Presently circulating coinage - Pounds and Pence 

11) St. Helena & Ascension Islands: An Uncirculated Coin Set from 2003 

12) The Legend of the "HMAV Bounty" is interwoven with the heritage of the Pitcairn Islands: An uncirculated coin set from Pitcairn Islands in 2009 depicting the icons/relics of the Bounty minted by the New Zealand Mint

13) Currency of the Falkland Islands: A British Overseas Territory (BOT) Pounds & Pence

14) Falkland Islands Penguins: 50 Pence Coin Series: The first Coin in the Series of four coins: the Rock-Hopper Penguin 


15) Falkland Islands Penguins: 50 Pence Coin Series: The Gentoo Penguin:Second Coin in the series of four coins issued on 20.06.2017 

19) The Isle of Man: A British Crown Dependency (BCD) Coinage: A newly introduced Collector's circulation Currency Coinage Collector's set received from the Tower Mint, London, UK issued in April 2017

20) Pegasus: British Virgin Islands: A gold Bullion Coin of $100 issued by Pobjoy Mint on belalf of British Virgin Islands in July 2018

21) "The Hydra": British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT): A Silver Double Crown (4 Pounds), 2 Oz High Relief Coin with Antique Finish: Third Coin in the Series titled "Mythical Creatures" issued by Pobjoy Mint, UK on behalf of BIOT on 07.08.2018

22) "Medusa The Gorgon": British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT): A Silver Double Crown (4 Pounds), 2 Oz High relief Coin with antique Finish: Fourth Coin in the series titled "Mythical Creatures" issued by Pobjoy Mint UK on behalf of BIOT in 09/2018



25) South Atlantic Fauna Coins from Ascension Island and South Georgia and Sandwich Islands, British Overseas Territories (BOT): (Part II): A 1 Pound Titanium Coin & a 1 Pound Uncirculated Coin variant, feature the Queen Triggerfish, issued on behalf of Ascension Island (2019) minted by the Pobjoy Mint, UK

26) Ernest Shackleton, Antarctic Explorer: South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands: A 2 Pounds Coin minted by Pobjoy Mint, UK, brought out on 26.02.2019 on behalf of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands in two variants - Silver and Cupro-nickel

27) Concorde, a Stamp set from Gibraltar, A British Overseas Territory (BOT): 50th Anniversary of the first Supersonic Passenger Carrying Airplane, jointly built by France and Great Britain: Stamp set issue date: 20.04.2019

28) Tristan da Cunha (BOT): A Wedgwood "Three Graces" Jasperware 5 Pound Coin: minted in 2018

29) 75th Anniversary of D-Day Landings: (The Battle of Normandy): i) A Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau Stamp set of 4 stamps issued on 08.03.2019: ii) A Limited edition D-Day joint Commemorative issue by British Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territory - Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man and Gibraltar on 06.06.2019

30) Manannan, the First King of Isle of Man or Mann: A Silver 5 Pounds Coin brought out by the Isle of Man in collaboration with Coin Invest Trust (CIT) and minted by B.H. Mayer's Kunstprageanstalt, Munich

31) 200th Anniversary of John Keats' "Odes to a ....", Alderney Island: A set of six Postage stamps issued by Guernsey Post which brings out stamps on behalf of Alderney Island - 1) Ode on a Grecian Urn,(48p) 2) Ode on Indolence (65p), 3) Ode on Melancholy (66p), 4) Ode to a Nightingale (80p), 5) Ode to Psyche (90p), 6) Ode to Autumn (98 p): Stamp Set issue date: 24.07.2019

32) Isle of Mann: Celebrating the 200th Birth Anniversary of the Birth of Herman Melville, the author of the classic Moby Dick: A six Stamp Set issued on 22.07.2019

33) "Tatty Teddy" - "Me to You" Bears: Isle of Man Post Office is marketing a special edition of 200 Bears dressed as Santa along-with Tatty Teddy's own stamp and special envelope post-marked "21.11.2019"

34) The Penny Black Stamp (UK), Gibraltar: 180th Anniversary milestone celebrated with the issue of unique "Pearl Black" finish 50 Pence coins in Gold, Silver and Cupro-Nickel minted by the Pobjoy Mint, UK on behalf of the Treasury of Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory (BOT): Coin issue date: 03.12.2019


Famous Battles
1) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to St. Helena: (Part I): A One Crown Commemorative coin issued by the Ascension Island (minted by Pobjoy Mint UK) 
2) Bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon's Exile to st. Helena: (Part II) 1) A 5 GBP Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK. 2) A"Drie Landen Zilverset" ( ot the "Three Lands Silver set") containing coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint including coins of Netherlands, Belgium and UK

Gold Coins:
  
1) Gold Sovereigns issued in 2013 & 2014 by MMTC-PAMP in India under licence from the Royal Mint, UK, carrying the "I" Mint Mark

2) Gold Half-Sovereigns minted by MMTC-PAMP in India in 2014 under licence from the Royal Mint UK bearing the "I" Mint Mark 

Silver Coins:

1) A 20 Pound Silver coin minted for the first timr by the royal Mint UK: reverse design carries the famous St. George slaying the dragon design found on Gold Sovereigns 

British India Coinage:

 1) East India Company Quarter Anna Copper Coin which is one of the first issues under the Coinage Act 1835

2) Victoria Coinage: When she was Queen and afterwards Empress

3) Edward VII: King & Emperor  Coinage

4) George V King Emperor Coinage

5) George VI: The last of the British India Emperors Coinage 

Other British Royalty: 

1) Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Celebrations (1952-2012): A Five Pound Commemorative coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK

2) Commemorating Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation in 1953: A Five Pound Coin minted by the Royal Mint UK in 2013, depicting the Imperial State Crown

3) The Royal Coat of Arms of the UK: Great British 2012 Coin Set (Uncirculated) issued by the Royal Mint UK

4) Prince George's Christening Ceremony celebrated with coins issued by the Royal Mint UK in 2013

5) The British Empire:  A Case of Numismatic "Segregation": (Guest Post by Rahul Kumar)

6) 1) The Portrait Collection: Various Portraits of Queen Elizabeth II on Coinage 2) The Fourth & Final Circulating coinage of the Portrait designed by Ian Rank-Broadley and the First Edition of the portrait of the Queen made by Jody Clark

 British Coinage:


2) Transformation of a Five shilling Coin (Crown) into the UK Twenty-five Pence & then the Five Pound Coin



4) The 350th Anniversary of the Guinea: A Two Pound Coin issued by the Royal Mint UK celebrating the milestone




 Commemorative British Coinage:

 1) Commemorating the Bicentenary of Charles Dickens: A Two pound coin celebrating his literary contributions during the Victorian Era

 2) Commemorating 50 Years of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - presently called the World Wide Fund for Nature by issue of a Fifty Pence coin by the Royal Mint, UK

3) Coins commemorating London Olympics & Paralympics (2012)


5) Commemorating the 100th Birth anniversary of Christopher Ironside with his " Royal Arms" design on a 50 Pence coin issued by the Royal Mint, UK 



Links: Postage Stamps: 


12) Owls: A set of 10 Stamps depicting five Owls - Barn Owl (Tyto alba), Little Owl (Athene noctua), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), Short eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) issued by the Royal Mail Uk on 11.05.2018

13) Reintroduced Species: A set of six stamps issued by the Royal Mail, UK depicting UK's successfully restored wildlife including the Osprey, Eurasian Beaver, Pool Frog, Sand Lizard, Large Blue Butterfly and Stinking Hawk's-beard species on 17.04.2018

14) World Post Day Limited Edition of 500 Commemorative Covers, Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory (BOT): Special Cover issue date:n 09.10.2019

15) Forests, Royal Mail, U.K.: Centenary of the Forestry Commission (1919-2019): A set of six stamps issued by the Royal Mail, UK depicting six well-known forests across the U.K. - i) Glen Affric Inverness-shire, Scotland; ii) Westonbirt Gloucestershire, England; iii) Sherwood Forest; iv) Coed y Brenin Gwynedd, Wales; v) Glenriff Forest Country Antrim, Northern Ireland; vi) Kielder Forest Northumberland, England: Stamp set issue date:13.08.2019




17) 150th Anniversary (Sesquicentenary) of The Royal Philatelic Society London: A Limited Edition Commemorative Cover (500 Editions) brought outby the Gibraltar Post on 21.10.2019

18) "The Christmas story", Alderney, A British Crown Dependency (BCD): Alderney Post in association with Guernsey Post has issued this set of seven stamps, designs for which have been made through paper-cutting art: Date of issue: 30.10.2019








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