2621) "Satversme", Latvia: 100th Anniversary of the Latvian Constitution (1922-2022): A 5 Euro Silver Coin issued by Latvia and minted by the Lietuvos Monetu Kalykla (Lithuania) celebrates the milestone: Year of Coin issue: 2022:
In Latvian, the term "Satversme" is officially used instead of "constitution" ("konstitūcija"), while in everyday conversations "konstitūcija" is often used.
The word was created by Atis Kronvalds, one of the leaders of the "First Latvian National Awakening" in the 19th century.
The movement promoted Latvian culture after centuries of Baltic German influence and encouraged the use of the Latvian language.
Kronvalds and like-minded individuals created and introduced many new words and terms intended to be used over Germanic loanwords to modernize Latvian.
He derived the term "Satversme" from the root -tvert- ("to grip"), combining it with the prefix "sa-", which yields the word "satvert" (to grasp), adding the "-sm-" suffix and the feminine ending "-e", creating a word that in its meaning is similar to "holder", to illustrate how a constitution holds together all other laws- "Satversme 100".
"Satversme" - (The Constitution of Latvia):
The Constitution of Latvia (Latvian: "Satversme") is the fundamental law of the Republic of Latvia.
"Satversme", lays down the constitutional foundations of the State of Latvia and embodies one of the symbols of our statehood.
The thoughts and aspirations of the founders of the state have become the words of power that allow each generation to build a strong and sustainable democratic state governed by the rule of law.
The wording of Satversme unites the founders of the state and its future generations in a single idea of the Republic of Latvia.
Satversme will never become outdated. The wording of Satversme remains unchanged, but its reading evolves with time.
Each generation contributes to the spirit of "Satversme", providing strength to the state of Latvia and support to everyone who needs protection under the law.
"Satversme" makes it possible for Latvia to celebrate freedom, independence, democracy and the rule of law in Latvia – the country where everyone is free to strive for prosperity and happiness.
More about the "Satversme":
"Satversme" is the oldest Eastern or Central European constitution still in force and the sixth oldest still-functioning republican basic law in the world.
It was adopted, as it states itself in the text, by the people of Latvia, as represented in the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia, on 15.02.1922 and came into force on 07.11.1922.
It was heavily influenced by Germany's Weimar Constitution and the Swiss Federal Constitution.
The constitution establishes the main bodies of government (Saeima, State President, Cabinet of Ministers, Courts, State Auditor); it consists of 116 articles arranged in eight chapters.
Although the initial text consisted of two parts, the second part - which regulated citizens' rights, freedoms and obligations - failed to pass by just a few votes; the chapter on fundamental human rights was added only by a constitutional amendment in 1998.
After the 1934 Latvian coup d'état by Prime Minister of Latvia Kārlis Ulmanis, "Satversme" was suspended and the government assumed the law-giving functions of the Saeima.
This situation continued until 17.06.1940, when the Soviet Union occupied Latvia, destroyed the existing regime, and incorporated the Latvian SSR into the USSR on August 05. A new, Soviet-style constitution was then introduced.
On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia, declaring the 1940 Soviet annexation of Latvia illegal (as it was done by ignoring "Satversme"), and therefore the Satversme and Republic of Latvia still existed de jure.
Only articles 1, 2, 3 and 6 of Satversme were reintroduced at that time by the declaration; the constitution was fully reintroduced only by the first assembly of the 5th Saeima in 1993.
The Coin:
In the centre of the circles are depicted frosted arched lines, passing from the one circle to the other.
One of the lines is highlighted by an overprint in the colours of Latvia's flag (red, white, red).
On the left side at the top of the circle, the inscription "Latvijas Republikas Satversme" is semi-circled, with the year "1922" placed below it on the red-white-red line.
The inscription "5 EURO" is featured on the right side of the circle, while the year "2022" is placed in the right circle at the bottom to the left.
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On the Reverse of the 5 Euro Silver Coin the circles are connected by words arranged in the form of arched lines and reflecting the basic values included in Satversme.
The specifications of the Silver Coin are:
Country: Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republik); Year: 2022; Denomination: 5 Euro; Coin Theme: "Latvijas Republikas Satversme - 100"; Metal Composition: .925 Fineness Silver (Ag); Diameter: 45.00 mm; Weight: 26.24 grams; Coin Quality: Proof (P); Edge: Plain; Special effects: Colour print on the Obverse, frosted letters and lines on the Obverse and Reverse; Maximum mintage: 2,500 pieces; Minted By: Lietuvos Monetu Kalykla (Lithuania); Graphic Designer: Aigars Ozoliņš
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