4405) The CSS Hunley became the made history on 17.02.1864, when is sank the Sloop Housatanic with its torpedo, but the submarine did not survive the attack; 2) Recovery of the CSS Hunley and its crew; 3) The story of George Dixon the Submarine commander and his lucky $20 Gold coin presented to him by his lover:
The Confederate States Ship (CSS) H.L. Hunley made history on
February 17, 1864, when it became the first submarine to sink an enemy
warship—the Union sloop-of-war USS Housatonic—off Charleston, South Carolina.
However, the Hunley itself was lost shortly after the attack, with all eight
crew members perishing.
The Confederate Submarine (CSS H.L. Hunley):
H. L. Hunley, also known as the "Hunley", "CSS H. L. Hunley", or "CSS Hunley", was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that fought in the American Civil War. Hunley demonstrated the advantages and dangers of undersea warfare.
She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship (USS Housatonic), although Hunley was not completely submerged and, following her attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base.
Twenty-one crewmen died in the three sinkings of Hunley during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina.
In the beginning of the war, combat was fought with bayonets, horses, wooden ships, and imprecise artillery.
During the course of the conflict the weaponry changed and mines, accurate guns, more deadly bullets, torpedoes, and "ironclad" ships became a new standard.
Though most of the fighting occurred on land, a critical element of the war was at sea. Whichever side controlled the coastline also controlled shipping imports from Europe and Coastal America, which contained critical resources such as clothes, food, artillery, medicine, and, at times, reinforcements.
The Hunley was created to destroy the Union blockade and help gain this all-important coastline advantage.
The Civil War, April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865, was a domestic American war where the Union (also called the North) was locked in combat with the Confederates (also called the South).
While the United States Navy was constructing its first submarine USS Alligator, in late 1861, the Confederacy was developing their own.
Construction of Hunley began soon after the loss of "American Diver".
At this stage, Hunley was variously referred to as the "fish boat", the "fish torpedo boat", or the "porpoise".
Legend held that Hunley was made from a cast-off steam boiler - perhaps because a cutaway drawing by William Alexander, who had seen her, showed a short and stubby machine.
In fact, Hunley was designed and built for her role, and the sleek, modern-looking craft shown in R.G. Skerrett's 1902 drawing is an accurate representation.
Each end was equipped with ballast tanks that could be flooded by valves or pumped dry by hand pumps. Extra ballast was added using iron weights bolted to the underside of the hull. If the submarine needed additional buoyancy to rise in an emergency, the iron weight could be removed by unscrewing the heads of the bolts from inside the vessel.
The Sloop Housatonic which was sunk by the CSS Hunley
The CSS Hunley:
Hunley, nearly 40 ft (12 m) long, was built at Mobile, Alabama, and launched in July 1863. She was then shipped by rail on 12 August 1863 to Charleston.
Hunley (then referred to as the "fish boat", the "fish torpedo boat", or the "porpoise") sank on 29 August 1863 during a test run, killing five members of her crew.
She sank again on 15 October 1863, killing all eight of her second crew, including Horace Lawson Hunley himself, who was aboard at the time, even though he was not a member of the Confederate military. Both times Hunley was raised and returned to service.
On 17 February 1864, Hunley attacked and sank the 1,240-ton United States Navy screw sloop-of-war Housatonic, which had been on Union blockade-duty in Charleston's outer harbour. Hunley did not survive the attack and sank, taking all eight members of her third crew with her, and was lost.
A Sketch of the CSS Hunley design plan
Historical Significance:
First successful combat submarine: The Hunley proved
submarines could be deadly weapons, influencing naval warfare for generations.
High risk technology: Despite its success, the Hunley was
extremely dangerous for its crew, highlighting the experimental nature of early
submarine design.
Legacy: It remains a symbol of innovation and sacrifice
during the Civil War.
Disappearance:
After the attack, H.L. Hunley failed to return to her
base. At one point, there appeared to be evidence that Hunley survived as long
as one hour following the attack, which occurred at about 20:45. The day after
the attack, the commander of "Battery Marshall" reported that he had
received "the signals" from the submarine indicating she was
returning to her base.[ The report did not say what the signals were.
Instead, all evidence and
analysis eventually pointed to the instantaneous death of Hunley's entire crew
at the moment of the spar torpedo's contact with the hull of Housatonic.
Upon
removal of the silt inside the hull, the skeletons of the crewmembers were
found seated at their stations with no signs of skeletal trauma.
The short distance between the torpedo and the vessel, in
addition to the signs that the crew died instantaneously and without a struggle
to survive, led a team of blast trauma specialists from Duke University to
theorise that the Hunley's crew was killed by the blast itself, which could
have transmitted pressure waves inside the vessel without damaging its hull.
The Duke
team's experiments and results were published August 2017 in the peer-reviewed
journal PLoS One and eventually became the subject of the book "In the Waves:
My Quest to Solve the Mystery of a Civil War Submarine".
Discovery and eventual Recovery of the CSS Hunley wreck:
Years after Hunley went missing, when the area around the
wreck of Housatonic was surveyed, the sunken Hunley was found on the seaward
side of the sloop, where no one had considered looking before.
This later
indicated that the ocean current was going out following the attack on
Housatonic, taking Hunley with her to where she was eventually found and later
recovery.
Diver Ralph Wilbanks located the wreck in April 1995 while leading a NUMA dive team originally organised by archaeologist Mark Newell and funded by novelist Clive Cussler.
The wreck was actually 100 yd (91 m) away from and on the seaward side of Housatonic in 27 feet (8.2 m) of water.
The submarine was buried under several feet of silt, which had concealed and protected the vessel for over a hundred years.
The divers exposed the forward hatch and the ventilator box (the air box for the attachment of her twin snorkels) to identify her.
The submarine was resting on her starboard side, at about a 45-degree angle, and was covered in a 1⁄4 to 3⁄4 inch (0.64 to 1.91 cm) thick encrustation of rust bonded with sand and seashell particles. Archaeologists exposed part of the ship's port side and uncovered the bow dive plane.
More probing revealed an approximate length of 37 feet (11 m), with the entire vessel preserved under the sediment.
Hunley's discovery was described by William Dudley,
Director of Naval History at the Naval Historical Center as "probably the
most important find of the century."
In 1995 the submarine was found and in 2000 it was risen from its underwater grave.
Final Resting place for the heroic crew menbers atr the Magnolia Cemeteryn in Charleston:
On 17 April 2004, the remains of the crew were laid to rest at Magnolia Cemetery, in Charleston.
Tens of thousands of people attended including some 6,000 reenactors and 4,000 civilians wearing period clothing.
Colour guards from all five branches of the U.S. Armed Forces—wearing modern uniforms—were also in the procession.
Even though only two of the crew were from the Confederate States, all were buried with full Confederate honours, including being buried with the 2nd Confederate National Flag, known as the "Stainless Banner".
The names of the Hunley Crew were:
Lieutenant George E. Dixon (Commander) (of Alabama or
Ohio)
Frank Collins (of Virginia)
Joseph F. Ridgaway (of Maryland)
James A. Wicks (North Carolina native living in Florida)
Arnold Becker (of Germany)
Corporal Johan Frederik Carlsen (of Denmark)
C. Lumpkin (probably of the British Isles)
Augustus Miller (probably a
former member of the German Artillery).
The story of George E. Dixon and his Good Luck $20 Gold Coin:
During the early year of 2005 with all the incrustation removed from the submarine they were able to finally look side and remove artifacts and this is when this Gold Coin was discovered that George had on him in the submarine when it sank
When lead researcher Maria Jacobsen, examining the area close to Lieutenant Dixon, found a misshapen $20 gold piece, minted in 1860, with the inscription - "Shiloh April 6, 1862, My life Preserver G. E. D." on a sanded-smooth area of the Coin's Reverse, and a forensic anthropologist found a healed injury to Lt. Dixon's hip bone.
The findings matched a family legend that Dixon's sweetheart, Queenie Bennett, had given him the coin to protect him.
Dixon had the coin with him at the Battle of Shiloh, where he was wounded in the thigh on 6 April 1862. The bullet struck the coin in his pocket, saving his leg and possibly his life. He had the gold coin engraved and carried it as a lucky charm.
George E. Dixon was a first lieutenant in the Confederate Army but his early life is unknown and the only census in 1860 listed him at the age of 23.
More about George E. Dixon:
George's profession was steamboat engineer and he resided in New Orleans, Louisiana before moving to Mobile, Alabama.
During George's time in Alabama he joined a militia company called "The Washington Light Infantry of Mobile" and in the fall of 1861 the militia became part of the Confederate Army.
During the early months of 1862 George's regiment, "The 21st Alabama Infantry Regiment" moved towards Corinth, Mississippi to participate in the Battle of Shiloh and during this battle George was shot in the left leg but the bullet did not penetrate him being saved by his $20 gold coin given to him by his lover.
George E. Dixon, at the age of 27 was selected to command the newly commissioned H. L. Hunley on it's first attack on a Union Navy ship.
During this first attack the Hunley got with 20 feet of the USS Housatonic in the Charleston Harbour.
The USS Housatonic was stationed at the Charleston Harbour in Charleston, South Carolina as a blockade against the Confederate Army making it harder for the Confederacy to get supplies into South Carolina.
The Hunley was able to embed a torpedo into the Housatonic's hull and reversed away before it exploded.
The Housatonic was destroyed and unknowingly to the Union, The Hunley sunk due to the shock wave that explosion caused and all 8 crew members to die instantly.
The $20 Gold Coin was found to be a 1860 with inscription on the back reading "Shiloh April 6, 1862 My life Preserver G. E. D." referencing the day which the coin saved his life.
Inclusion by the National Park Service in the National register of Historic Places:
On 13 September 1976, the National Park Service submitted
the Sea Research Society's (Spence's) location for H. L. Hunley for inclusion
on the National Register of Historic Places.
Spence's location for Hunley
became a matter of public record when H.L. Hunley's placement on that list was
officially approved on 29 December 1978.
Spence's book Treasures of the
Confederate Coast, which had a chapter on his discovery of Hunley and included
a map complete with an "X" showing the wreck's location, was published
in January 1995.[35]
The CSS Hunley displayed as a museum exhibit at the Warren Lasch Conservation Centre, North Charleston, South Carolina:
Finally located in 1995, Hunley was raised in 2000 and is on display in North Charleston, South Carolina, at the Warren Lasch Conservation Center on the Cooper River.
Examination in 2012 of recovered Hunley artifacts suggested that the submarine was as close as 20 ft (6.1 m) to her target, Housatonic, when her deployed torpedo exploded, which caused the submarine's sinking.
Links to posts on this blog on Coins issued under "American Innovation $1 Coin Programme":
A unique Lady Liberty Coin Design & 250th anniversary of American Independence:
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26) The Pueblo of Laguna Tribe, Code Talkers, United States of America (USA): A Bronze Medal commemorates an important piece of World War II and American history: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2024
27) The Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Tribe, Code Talkers, United States of America (USA): A Bronze Medal commemorates an important piece of World War II ans American history: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2024
28) The Yankton Sioux Tribe, Code Talkers, United States of America (USA): A Bronze Medal commemorates an important piece of World War I and American history: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2024
29) The Menominee Tribe, Code Talkers, United States of America (USA): A Bronze Medal commemorates an important piece of World War I and World War II and American history: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2024
30) The Rosebud Sioux Tribe, United States of America (USA): A Bronze Medal commemorates an important piece of World War II and American history: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2024
Gold Eagle Coins:
1) The Majestic Gold Eagle Proof Coins Return for 2025, United states of america (USA): A $10 (Ten Dollars) Gold Proof Coin minted by the West Point Mint, Mint Mark "W": Date/Year of Coin issue: 2025
Custer's Last Stand:
1) Custer's Last Stand or The Battle of Little Big Horn 2-pc Tribute Set, United states of SAmerica (USA): Year of Coins issue: 1829, 1865
2) "Sitting Bull", Legendary Warriors, (United States of America), Niue Island: A $5 (Five Dollars) 2 oz Silver Antique Finish Gold Plated Coin: T & S Coins and Pinehurst Coins: Date/Year of Coin issue: 2025
The Story of Daniel Boone - Frontiersman:
1) The Story of Daniel Boone, Frontiersman, (United States of America - USA), Republique Du Cameroon (Republic of Cameroon): 250th Anniversary of Daniel Boone's first attempt at leading settlers along the Wilderness Trail through the Cumberland Gap into Kentucky in 1773: A 2000 Francs CFA 1-Oz Silver Colourised BU Coin: Date/Year of Coin issue: 2023
Coin Invest Trust (CIT) Wild West Coin Series:
1) Wild Bill Hickok, Calamity Jane, Billy the Kid - Legends of the Wild West!, Cook Islands: 250 Dollars (Gold) and 20 and 5 Dollars (Silver) Coins minted by B.H. Mayer's Kunstprageanstalt (GmbH) at its facilities in Munich by commission of Coin Invest Trust (CIT) on behalf of the Treasury of the Cook Islands: Year of Coin issue: 2024
Links to posts on the USA:
First Amendment to the United States Constitution: Preample to the declaration of Independence:
Custer's Last Stand:
To view a few posts on previous COTY and Coin Constellation (Russia) winners, please visit the following links:
Posts on Coins/Rounds from the Intaglio Mint, Denver Colorado (a privately owned Mint):
Links to some more posts on the Chinese Lunar calendar/Zodiac signs on this Blog:
New Year Lucky Coin Releases:
Old West Coin Series:
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