4611) Did You Know Series (145): 1) Ober Ost was the German military occupation authority on the Eastern Front during World War I (1914–1918), governing large parts of present-day Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland. It was both the title of the supreme commander of German forces in the East and the name of the occupied territory: 2) The Currency of the Ober Ost:
Links:
German posts on First World war Banknote issues:
1) A "Hundert Mark" (Hundred Mark) Reichbanknote dated 1st November 1920 tells a tale of a time when hyperinflation was rampant in Germany after World War I
2) Did You Know Series (145): 1) Ober Ost was the German military occupation authority in the Eastern Frony during world war I (1914-1918) governing large parts of present day Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and poland. It was boith the title of the Supreme commander of German Forces in the East and the name of the occupied territory: 2) The Currency of the Ober Ost
Ober Ost was the German military occupation authority on the Eastern Front during World War I (1914–1918), governing large parts of present-day Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and Poland.
It was both the title of the supreme commander of German forces in the East and the name of the occupied territory.
About Ober Ost:
Full Name: "Gebiet des Oberbefehlshabers Ost" (“Area of the Commander-in-Chief in the East”).
Established: 1914, after German victories against Russia.
Disbanded: 1918–1919, following Germany’s defeat in WWI
Capital (HQ): Königsberg (today Kaliningrad, Russia).
Commanders:
Paul von Hindenburg (1914–1916)
Prince Leopold of Bavaria (1916–1918)
Chiefs of Staff: Erich Ludendorff (1914–1916), Max Hoffmann (1916–1918).
Languages spoken: German (official), but Polish, Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian were widely spoken.
Currency: German Ostmark and Ostrubel were introduced for economic control.
Territories Controlled:
Ober Ost encompassed former Russian provinces (governorates):
Courland (Latvia)
Vilna & Kovno (Lithuania)
Grodno & Suwałki (Poland)
Later expanded to Minsk, Livonia, and Estonia (1917–1918).
Purpose and Administration:
Military Control: Ober Ost was not a civilian government but a strict military regime.
Goals: Secure German supply lines, exploit resources, and establish German dominance in Eastern Europe.
Policies: Highly centralised, authoritarian, and restrictive. Movement of locals was tightly controlled, and German officials managed agriculture, trade, and infrastructure.
Legacy: Its harsh rule is often compared to later Nazi occupation policies, as it emphasised exploitation and Germanisation.
Currency & Economy:
Ober Ost issued its own currency (Ostmark and Ostrubel) to replace Russian rubles.
These currencies were used to stabilise trade and integrate the occupied regions into the German wartime economy.
Collectors today view Ober Ost coins and notes as rare numismatic artifacts.
Historical Significance:
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918): Germany formalised control over much of Eastern Europe, including Ober Ost territories.
Collapse: After Germany’s surrender in November 1918, Ober Ost dissolved, and the territories became part of newly independent states (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus).
Impact: It shaped the political geography of the Baltics and influenced later German occupation strategies.
- Ober Ost was essentially Germany’s military occupation zone in Eastern Europe during WWI, run directly by the army, with its own administration, currency, and strict control over local populations.
The Currency of the Ober Ost:
Germany’s occupation of
Eastern Europe during World War I produced a unique currency system that
circulated long after the fighting ended.
Administrative map of Ober
Ost.
The Gebiet des
Oberbefehlshabers Ost (Area of the Commander-in-Chief in the East), or Ober
Ost, was a German-occupied territory comprising Poland, Belarus, Russia, and
the Baltic States during World War I (1914–1918).
The Ober Ost was established
in November 1914 by Kaiser Wilhelm II and was subsequently ruled by field
marshals Paul von Hindenburg and Prince Leopold of Bavaria. Various attempts at
Germanization were carried out in these territories, including the
implementation of mandatory German-language classes in schools. A military
order issued on June 7, 1916, gave the Ober Ost autonomy over economic matters,
jurisdiction, customs duties, and its own currency.
A one-ruble note issued for
circulation in the Ober Ost.
Until September 1918, not only military but also civilian matters affecting the Ober Ost were decided
upon by the German military authority.
A civilian administration led by German
politicians was then introduced, with responsibility for non-military affairs.
This was short-lived, since the Ober Ost was gradually abandoned by the Germans
at the end of 1918 and into 1919 following the end of World War I and the
subsequent collapse of the German Empire.
This post explores the currency that was specifically created by the German authorities for
circulation in these occupied territories.
In April 1916, the Poznan-based
Ostbank für Handel und Gewerbe (Eastern Bank for Trade and Industry), one of
the largest banks in Eastern Germany, was instructed by the Germans to set up a
temporary issuing institution, the Darlehnskasse Ost (Eastern Lending Bank),
that would be in charge of producing the money for circulation in the occupied
territories.
Respective obverses of a 20-
and 50-kopeck bank notes issued for circulation in the Ober Ost.
Respective obverses of 3-
and 10-ruble bank notes issued for circulation in the Ober Ost.
Following German
indications, an Ostrubel (eastern ruble) was issued and was interchangeable
with the Reichmark (German imperial mark) at a ratio of 2:1.
In doing so, the
precepts of the Hague International Convention signed in 1907 were respected
since they prescribed that the occupants should preserve the existing monetary
system in the controlled areas.
The Eastern Ruble was backed by a mix of German imperial bank notes, short-term Treasury bills, and credit
balances with German banks.
Bank notes in nominal values of 20 and 50 kopecks,
and 1, 3, 10, 25, and 100 eastern rubles were issued by the Ostbank through the
Eastern Lending Bank on April 17, 1916.
While the colours and patterns vary by
denomination, the legends are identical.
The obverse contains the nominal
value, name of the issuing institution, date of issuance, and the signatures of
three bank officials.
A message was also included in the obverse warning that
forgery of these notes would be punished with up to eight years of forced
labour.
All legends appearing on this side of the notes were written in German
and also engraved on the reverse of the notes, but in Lithuanian, Polish, and
Latvian (with old-style orthography in the latter case).
Respective obverses of 25- and 100-ruble bank notes issued for circulation in the Ober Ost.
The 20-kopeck notes (110x76
mm) were printed using light blue and grey inks. A red-and-green color scheme
was mostly used on the 50-kopeck notes (125x80 mm). The 1-ruble note (130x85
mm) was predominantly brown and blue, while the 3-ruble note (145x90 mm) was
mostly green. Red was mainly used in the 10-ruble notes (160x100 mm). The
25-ruble (175x109 mm) and the 100-ruble (180x110 mm) notes were mostly grey and
blue. Following German orders, these notes were to be used not only by the
local population but also by German soldiers when trading with locals.
Unlike the rest of the bank
notes of the series, the 100-ruble bank note further displayed, on the obverse,
idealised images of a warrior and a woman. The likeness of another woman and
the god Mercury were also engraved on the reverse.
Most notes carry a serial
number on the obverse in red ink, followed by a letter and six numbers.
The
serial number is also displayed on the reverse of the 100-ruble note, although
the letter in these notes is either missing or is replaced by an additional
numeric digit.
The serial number is not present in those notes of nominal
values of 1 ruble or fractions thereof. Iron coins in nominal values of 1, 2,
and 3 kopecks were also minted in 1916 for circulation in the Ober Ost.
A half mark note issued for
circulation in the Ober Ost.
A 1-mark note issued for
circulation in the Ober Ost.
Following the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central
Powers led by Germany, the former withdrew from the war.
Russia was forced to
accept the loss of all regions west of an agreed-upon demarcation line. As a
result, the Ober Ost significantly expanded to encompass new territories in
present-day Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, and parts of Poland, all of which had
until then belonged to the Russian Empire.
The new situation was
immediately reflected in the currency produced by the German authorities for
the Ober Ost. A new series of bank notes was issued on April 4, 1918, with
nominal values no longer expressed in eastern rubles but in Ostmark (eastern
marks). The notes, while still issued by the Eastern Lending Bank, were now
produced in Kaunas, in present-day Lithuania. Both currencies circulated
alongside each other in the occupied territories at a fixed ratio of 1 eastern
ruble to 2 eastern marks.
Respective obverses of 2-, 5-, and 20-mark bank notes issued for circulation in the Ober Ost.
The new bank notes were
issued in nominal values of ½, 1, 2, 5, 20, 50, 100 and 1,000 eastern marks. No
coinage complemented the bank note issue. The higher nominal values of the new
emission responded to the rising inflation experienced in the Ober Ost.
The design of the notes is very similar to that of the previously commented 1916 issue. The obverse
displays (in German) the nominal value, issuing institution, and date of issue,
the official signatures, and a legend indicating that the notes were guaranteed
by the German Empire.
Apart from the nominal value, the reverse also contains a legend, reproduced in German, Lithuanian,
and Latvian (old orthography), informing that anyone who counterfeited or
forged the notes would be punished with up to eight years of forced labour.
The ½-mark notes (110x70 mm)
were printed using pink and yellow. Green and brown were used in the 1-mark
notes (125x78 mm), whereas the 2-mark notes (127x84 mm) were mostly pink. Light
blue and red were the predominant colors used in the 5- (145x90 mm) and 20-mark
(158x100 mm) notes, respectively.
Respective obverses of 50-
and 100-mark bank notes issued for circulation in the Ober Ost.
Finally, grey, brown, and green were the respective colors chosen for the 50- (173x110 mm), 100- (175x110
mm), and 1000-mark notes (190x110 mm). The 100-mark note displayed the same
images on both sides as those depicted on the bank note of identical denomination
issued in 1916.
Similarly, both sides of the 1000-mark note displayed
allegories of commerce (the god Mercury and ships), the army (the knight), and
agriculture (a female peasant on the reverse).
All serial numbers were engraved
using red ink.
In notes of 2 marks or less nominal value, it consisted of a
letter followed by a seven-digit number engraved on the reverse.
A letter
followed by a six-digit serial number was placed on the obverse of the 5-, 20-,
50-, and 1,000-mark notes. Interestingly, the 100-mark bank notes carried a
seven-digit serial number engraved on both sides.
A 1,000-mark note issued for
circulation in the Ober Ost.
It is estimated that at the
end of WWI, in November 1918, there were one billion notes of this currency
circulating in the Ober Ost.
Interestingly, the use of the eastern ruble and
the eastern mark did not terminate immediately after the end of the German
occupation.
After the independence of Estonia and Latvia in 1919, these notes
were no longer in use in those territories, which were replaced by their
respective national currencies.
The notes continued to be used in some regions
of Poland until 1920, while Lithuania kept these notes in circulation until
1922, when the Darlehnskasse Ost was replaced by the Bank of Lithuania.
While printed in significant
numbers, these notes are very scarce nowadays. The rampant inflation that
ravaged the Ober Ost and Germany towards the end of the war rendered the notes
virtually worthless. As a result, many of them were incinerated, and very few
have survived in good condition.
Links:
German posts on First World war Banknote issues:
1) A "Hundert Mark" (Hundred Mark) Reichbanknote dated 1st November 1920 tells a tale of a time when hyperinflation was rampant in Germany after World War I
2) Did You Know Series (145): 1) Ober Ost was the German military occupation authority in the Eastern Frony during world war I (1914-1918) governing large parts of present day Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and poland. It was boith the title of the Supreme commander of German Forces in the East and the name of the occupied territory: 2) The Currency of the Ober Ost
Links to Hanseatic Cities posts on this blog:
1) Hanseatic Cities in Belgium: The Royal Dutch Mint (Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt), Utrecht, Netherlands has issued a 10 Euro Silver Coin on behalf of Belgium depicting Hanseatic Cities and Trading activities in the country: Date/Year of Coin issue: 2023
2) Hanseatic City of Tartu: Gold and Silver Coins issued
3) Hanseatic City of Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany (FROG): A two Euro Bimetallic Coin issued by one of five German Mints - A,D,F,G,J (Berlin, Munich, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Hamburg: Date/Year of Coin issue: 29.01.2026:
For posts on "Masterpieces of German Literature Coin Series":
Germania Mint issues:
Links to "Star Gazers - In the Stars Coin Series:
1) "Capricorn", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Aistrian Mint (Osterreich Munz) has issued the First Coin in the Western Zodiac Signs Coin Series titled "Star Gazers - In the Stars": A 20 Euro Coin begins the Series: Date of Coin issue: 05.11.2025
2) "Taurus", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Austrian Mint (Osterreich Munz) has issued thev Second Coin in the Western Zodiac Signs: Coin series titled "Stargazers - In the Stars": A 20 Euro Silver Proof Coin: Date of Coin issue: 25.03.2026
More Links to posts on Austria and Germany on this Blog:
Traditional and Trendy Coin Series:
For posts on this blog on "Tri-Material Coins" from the Federal Republic of Germany, please visit the following links:
In the Service of Society Coin Series:
Links:New Year Lucky Coin Releases by the Austrian Mint, Vienna:
v) 2025 Glucksjeton Au/Ag (Lucky Token 2025, Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Gold & Silver Tokens: 2025
25 Euro Silver-Niobium Coin Series:
Austria's Unsung Heroines Coin Series:
Links to "Mythical Creatures" Coin Series:
1) "The Troll", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Austrian Mint (Osterreich Munz) has issued the First Coin in the Mythical Creacures Coin Series": A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin begins the Series: Date/Year of Coin issue: 05.11.2025
2) "The Hippocampus", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Austrian Mint (Osterreich Munz) has issued the Second Coin in theb "Mythical Creatures Coin Series": A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin continues the Series: Date/Year of Coin issue: 28.01.2026
Posts on Indian Railways:
1) Celebrating 150 Years of serving the Indian Nation by the Railways in 2002-03
2) "Fairy Queen": MyStamps (issued by India Post): Rajeev
Posts on United Kingdom Railways:
1) Commemorating 150 Years of the London Underground : Two pound Coins minted by the Royal Mint UK, showing the "Roundel" logo and a train emerging from a tunnel
Japanese Railways:
1) 150th Anniversary of Railways in Japan (1872-2022): The Japan Mint has issued a 1,000 Yen Silver Coin to commemorate the milestone: Date/Year of Coin issue: 04.10.2022
Steam Power - Australian Rail Heritage Coin Series:
Posts on Romanian Locomotives/Trains:
6) Steam Locomotives", Romania: Romfilatelia (Romanian Post) has issued a set of fout postage stamps featuriung steam locomotives: Date/Year of Stamp Set issus: 24.09.2025
Posts on Czechoslovakia Trains:
11) Skoda 498 "Albatros" Steam Locomotive, Czechoslovakia: A Gold Medal issued by the Czech Mint commemorating the iconic "workhorse" of the 1940s upto 1970s: Date/Year of Medal issue: 2021
Posts on Trains Stamps from Spain:
1) The New Silk Road: A Joint issue of a two Stamp Set of 1.50 Euros each by Spain (Correos Post) and China: Stamps issue date: 01.07.2019
2) Historic Trains - Euskotren Steam Train, Spain: A postage stamp issued by Correios (Spanish Post): Date/Year of Stamp issue: 27.09.2025
Links to Posts on Trains to Curacao on this Blog:
1) Trains of South America, Curacao: Cpost International (Curacao Post) has issued a set of stamps featuring Trains of South America: Date of Stamp set issue: 21.06.2021
Links to Posts on Trains in Canada:
1) "Steam Locomotive - A Whimsical Tale": Embark on a journey to a retro-future with this steampunk scene, which captures the grit and granduer of the industrial age imagined through the eyes of a bygone era: A -3 oz Fine Silver Coin minted by the Royal Canadian Mint (RCM): Date/Year of Coin issue: 16.10.2025
Links to Posts on Trains from Serbia:
1) About Museum Exhibits - 75 Years of the Museum of applied Art, 75 Years of the railway Museum, Serbia: Date/Year of Stamps issue: 2025
Links to Coins on Railways from Austria:
1) 100 Year Anniversary of the Pinkafeld Friedburg Railway Lime, Austria: Date/Year of Stamp issue: 15.11.2025
Links to Posts from Austria & Germany:
8) The "Hawaiian Bobtail Squid": Republic of Austria (Osterreich Repiblik): Eighth Coin in the "Luminous Marine Life Coin Series: A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin features this underwater Marine invertebrate: Date/Year of Coin issue: 11.09.2024
9) "The Yellow Sting Ray", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Ninth Coin in the "Luminous Marine Life Coin Series": A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin features this underwater msarine invertebrate: Date/Yesr of Coin issue: 16.10.2024
10) "The Firefly Squid", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Tenth Coin in the Luminous Marine Life Coin Series: A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin features this underwater marine invertebrate: Date/Year of Coin issue: 19.02.2025
11) "The Dorodid Nutribranch", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Eleventh Coin in the "Luminous Marine Life Coin Series": A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin features this underwater marine invertebrate: Date/Year of Coin issue: 11.06.2025
12) The "Devil Scorpionfish", Republic of Austria (Osterreich Republik): Twelfth Coin in the Luminous Marine Life Coin Series: A 3 Euro Copper Alloy Coin features this underwater marine invertebrate: Date/Year of Coin issue: 10.09.2025
Links on this Blog to posts on the Venus of Willendorf figurine:
1) Two prehistoric monuments - the Venus of Willendorf and the Lascaux cove paintings appear in the relief on this silver coin: 'Treasures of ancient civilisations": The V (Fifth) Silver Coin in the series: Date/Year of Coin issue: 02/2024
2) Venus of Willendorf, Upper Paleolithic female figurine found in 1908 at Willendorf, Austria: A 3D lenticular stamp issued by the Austrian Post in 2008 to celebrate the Centenary of the discovery of the fugurine: Date/Year of stamp issue: 08.08.2008
The Beauty of the Universe Coin Series:
1) SUPERNOVA 20 Euro Silver Supernova Coin: A new Series from the Austrian Mint: Date of Coin issue: 15.06.2024
2) "Einstein Rings", Osterreich Republik (Republic of Austria): Second Coin in the Series: A 20 Euro Silver Einstein Ring Coin illustrates an "Einstein Ring": Date/Year of Coin issue: 14.05.2025
Links to "The White Gold of Hallstatt" Coin Series:
ii) Lady Bug Beetles: A set of four Commemorative stamps brought out by India Post on 23.02.2017
Crypto Stamps with NFT:
2) Did You Know Series (49): Dogecoin (DOGE), Blockchain Mint, Singapore: Blockchain Mint has issued Silver DOGE Medals in three variants - i) Silver Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Medal Gem BU, ii) Silver Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Medal Proof-Like in Blister Pak, iii) Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Commemorative Medal Antiqued in Blister Pak: Date of Medal release/shipping: 05/2021
3) Did You Know Series (50): A Guest Post by Avery Wright: "Is Making the Crypto Space Legally Complaint Paving the Road to Mass (Blockchain) Adoption?" - A perspective:
4) Gibraltar Cryptocurrency Stamp: Stamp value 4 Pounds: Date of Stamp issue: 15.05.2021: (Pre-orderd accepted from 19.04.2021):
5) Bit-Coin Backed Banknotes are being envisaged by "Noteworthy" which are aimed at generating user confidence in the Cryptocurrency
6) "Blockchain Technology", Principality of Liechtenstein: A Crypto Stamp of CHF 5.20 titled "Perspective" issued by Liechtensteinische Post: Date of Stamp issue: 06.09.2021
7) "Bitcoin Logo", Niue Island: A $2 (Two Dollars) Silver Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) Coin features this iconic Logo of the well known Cryptocurrency: Year of Coin issue: 2022
8) Crypto-stamp - Rimec Nevera, Croatia: Hrvatska posta (Croatian Post) has issued a Crypto-stamp Souvenir Sheet (a combination of the analog and the digital) of One Stamp of HRK50.00 on a PVC background: Date of Crypto-stamp issue: 09.09.2021
9) "UN Crypto Stamps", United Nations: "New Technologies for the United Nations Stamp Series": United Nations Postal Administration brought out its first time ever UN Crypto Stamps, which run on Etherium Blockchain: Date of Stamps issue: 24.11.2020
10) "Equality", Liechtenstein: A "BlockChain Stamp Series: A Stamp 4.1 "Equality issued by Liechtensteinische Post (Philately Liechtenstein) with a face value of CHF 9.00): Date of Stamp issue: 09.09.2022
11) Croatian Crypto Stamp, Croatia: A 50 HRK Stamp (a combination of the analog and the digital) issued by "Hrvatska Posta (Croatian Post) in coordination with the Croatian Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Association: Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 09.09.2020
12) Crypto Stamp 4.0 - Grab the Bull by the Horns - set, Austria: Osterreichische Post AG (Austrian Post) has released a Joint-issue between two countries - Austria and Netherlands, featuring the new technology "Augmented Reality", with a new motif of the Bull: Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 28.10.2022
13) "UN Crypto Stamps", United Nations: "New Technologies for the United Nations Stamp Series": Series II of United Nations Crypto Stamps issued by the United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) which run on Blockchain Technolgy: Date of Stamps issue:18.11.2022
14) 2022 NL Crypto Stamp - Duo Set Crypto The Netherlands (NL) + Oostenrijk (Austria) - Collectibles: Date of Joint Crypto Stamp issue: 22.09.2022
15) Nikola Tesla's inventions as motifs feature on Croatia's Fourth Crypto Stamp of 50 HRK issued by Hrvatska Posta (Croatian Post): Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 20.12.2022
16) "The Four Seasons" Crypto Stamps, Faroe Islands: The Faroe Islands Post (Posta Faroe Islands) has issued a set of four Crypto Stamps of 100 DKK (Danish Kroners) each featuring the "Four Seasons": Date of Stamp set issue: 23.06.2023
17) Professor Balthazar motifs feature on Croatia's Fifth Crypto Stamp of 7.80 Euro issued by Hrvatska Posta (Croatian Post): Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 07.09.2023
18) "Business Fox" or "Crypto Fox" with NFT. LiechtensteiLiechtsteinsche Post AG (Liechtenstein POst) has issued this Crypto Stamp in its continuimg series of Crypto Stamp issues: Date/Year of Crypto STamp issue: 02.09.2024
19) The World's first Multi-lateral Crypto Stamp, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands (Austria & BENELUX): Date/Year of Crypto Stamp issue: 21.10.2024
20) "Gibraltar Crypto Miniature Sheet Series" - A 5 Pounds Crypto Stamp celebrates the spirit of European Football issued by Gibraltar Post: Date/Year of Crypto Stamp issued: 04.07.2024
21) Crypto Stamp Island, Austria: Austrian Post has introduced a unique project - The world's first Crypto Stamp comic featuring their popular heroes: Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 21.10.2024
22) Empress Sisi and Emperor Franz Josef immortalised in physical form and on the blockchain, Austria: Oserreichische Post AG (Austrian Post) has issued this Crypto Stamp Art: Date/Year of Stamp issue: 12.12.2024
23) Swiss Crypto Stamp 5.0, Switzerland: Three main versions - Basic Edition, Silver Edition and Bronze Esition: Date/Year of Crypto Stamp issue: 09.12.2024
Greek Mythology Coin Series:
Germania Mint issues:
Posts on insect world on this blog:
i) Beetles: A set of five Post Cards issued by Chennai Postal Circle of India Post in 2017
ii) Lady Bug Beetles: A set of four Commemorative stamps brought out by India Post on 23.02.2017
Posts on "Wonderful World of Insects":
i) "Diverse Habitats & Insects that live in them", Federal Republc of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wondeful World of Insects Coin Series": (Wonderwelt Insecten"): First Coin in the Series issued by the Stuttgart Mint: Date/Year of Coin issue: 20.10.2022
ii) "Siebenpunkt-mariekafer" (or "Seven-spotted ladybird"), Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Second 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark "A"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 09.03.2023
iii) "Swallowtail", Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" ("WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Third 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Karlsruhe Mint (Mint Mark "G"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 09.06.2023
iv) "Rust-red Mason Bee", Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublikk Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Fourth 5 Euro Colour Coin in the series: Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark "D"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 07.09.2023
v) "Green Hay Grasshopper (GRUNES HEUPFERD), Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland); Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series :Wonderful World od Insects Coin Series: Wonderwelt Insecten) Sixth Coin in the Series: Sixth 5 Euro Colour Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark "D"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 10.03.2024
vi) :"HIRSCHKAFER" (Stag Beetle), Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutscheland):Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN") Eighth 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark D: Date/Year of Coin issue: 2024
vii) Grove Hoverfly (Symphidae) Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN) (Mint Mark "J"): Seventh 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Hamburg Mint: Date/Year of Coin issue:2024:
viii) "Rock Bumblebee": Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" ("WONDERWELT INSECTEN") Mint Mark "J": Ninth 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Hamburg Mint: Date/Year of Coin issue: 10.09.2024):
Links to "Luminous Marine Life" Coin Series:
Posts on "Wonderful World of Insects":
i) "Diverse Habitats & Insects that live in them", Federal Republc of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wondeful World of Insects Coin Series": (Wonderwelt Insecten"): First Coin in the Series issued by the Stuttgart Mint: Date/Year of Coin issue: 20.10.2022
ii) "Siebenpunkt-mariekafer" (or "Seven-spotted ladybird"), Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Second 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark "A"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 09.03.2023
iii) "Swallowtail", Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" ("WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Third 5 Euro Colour Coin in the Series: Coin issued by the Karlsruhe Mint (Mint Mark "G"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 09.06.2023
iv) "Rust-red Mason Bee", Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublikk Deutschland): "Wonderful World of Insects Coin Series" (WONDERWELT INSECTEN"): Fourth 5 Euro Colour Coin in the series: Coin issued by the Berlin Mint (Mint Mark "D"): Date/Year of Coin issue: 07.09.2023
Runes:
1) Did You Know Series (81): Runes, Germania Mint: A set of six Silver Antique Finish (AF) Runes - part of a set of 24 - used as a Divination Tool by using stones with symbols to answer questions about the last, present, and future: Year of Runes minted: 2023
Posts on Grimm's Fairy Tales on this Blog:
4) "Hans im Gluck", (or "Hans in Luck"), Federal Republik of Germany: "Grimm's Fairy Tales Coin Series": A 20 Euro Silver Collector Coin released by the Stuttgart State Mint featuring the popular children's tale: Date of Coin issue: 01/2023"
5) "Das tapfere Schneiderlein," (or "The Brave Little Tailor"), Federal Republik of Germany: "200 Years of Grimms Fairy Tales Coin Series - 1812-2012": A 20 Euro Silver Collector Coin released by if Karlsruhe State Mint featuring the popular children's tale: Date of Coin issue: 19.01.2023
More Links to posts on Austria and Germany on this Blog:
Traditional and Trendy Coin Series:
Links to "Luminous Marine Life" Coin Series:
The Language of Flowers Coin Series:
Links: Crypto-Currency Stamps & Coin Posts:
1) Croatian Crypto Stamp - 2, Croatia: A 50 HRK stamp (a combination of the analog and the digital) issued by "Hrvatska Posta" (Croatian Post) in coordination with the Croatian Blockchain community gathered around the Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Association: Date of Stamp issue: 16.12.2020
2) Did You Know Series (49): Dogecoin (DOGE), Blockchain Mint, Singapore: Blockchain Mint has issued Silver DOGE Medals in three variants - i) Silver Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Medal Gem BU, ii) Silver Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Medal Proof-Like in Blister Pak, iii) Dogecoin Cryptocurrency Commemorative Medal Antiqued in Blister Pak: Date of Medal release/shipping: 05/2021
3) Did You Know Series (50): A Guest Post by Avery Wright: "Is Making the Crypto Space Legally Complaint Paving the Road to Mass (Blockchain) Adoption?" - A perspective:
4) Gibraltar Cryptocurrency Stamp: Stamp value 4 Pounds: Date of Stamp issue: 15.05.2021: (Pre-orderd accepted from 19.04.2021):
5) Bitcoin Backed Banknotes are being envisaged by "Noteworthy" which are aimed at generating user confidence in the Cryptocurrency
6) "Blockchain Technology", Principality of Liechtenstein: A Crypto Stamp of CHF 5.20 titled "Perspective" issued by Liechtensteinische Post: Date of Stamp issue: 06.09.2021
7) "Bitcoin Logo", Niue Island: A $2 (Two Dollars) Silver Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) Coin features this iconic Logo of the well known Cryptocurrency: Year of Coin issue: 2022
8) Crypto-stamp - Rimec Nevera, Croatia: Htvatska posta (Croatian Post) has issued a Crypto-stamp Souvenir Sheet (a combination of the analog and the digital) of One Stamp of HRK50.00 on a PVC background: Date of Crypto-stamp issue: 09.09.2021
9) "UN Crypto Stamps", United Nations: "New Technologies for the United Nations Stamp Series": United Nations Postal Administration brought out its first time ever UN Crypto Stamps, which run on Etherium Blockchain: Date of Stamps issue: 24.11.2020
10) "Equality", Liechtenstein: A "BlockChain Stamp Series: A Stamp 4.1 "Equality issued by Liechtensteinische Post (Philately Liechtenstein) with a face value of CHF 9.00): Date of Stamp issue: 09.09.2022
11) Croatian Crypto Stamp, Croatia: A 50 HRK Stamp (a combination of the analog and the digital) issued by "Hrvatska Posta (Croatian Post) in coordination with the Croatian Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Association: Date of Crypto Stamp issue: 09.09.2020
World War I and II and East Germany Coins and Banknotes:
Links to posts on Federal Republic of Germany issues and other posts on this blog:
In the Service of Society Coin Series":
World War I and II and East Germany Coins and Banknotes:
Posts on the Tank Museum, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India and similar posts on this Blog:
"Confrontation" Coin Series:
Links to posts on Austrian Mint Coin issues on this blog:
Austria's Unsung Heroines Coin Series:
European Capital of Culture (ECOC):
Stop Climate Change Coins:
Magic of Gold 100 Euros Gold Coin Series:
"Eyes of the Continents" Coin Series:
New Year Lucky Coin Releases:
The "Uncharted Universe" Coin Series:
Alpine Treasures Coin Series:
For posts on COTY (Coin of the Year) winners since 2015 in a competition held by Krause Publications of Germany, please visit the following links:
Santosh Khanna has commented:
ReplyDelete"Thanks for sharing this informative post."
Thank you so much, Khanna sahab.
Delete